Antarctica A Keystone in a Changing World (2008) / Chapter Skim
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100 Million Years of Antarctic Climate Evolution: Evidence from Fossil Plants--J. E. Francis, A. Ashworth, D. J. Cantrill, J. A. Crame, J. Howe, R. Stephens, A.-M. Tosolini, and V. Thorn
100 Million Years of Antarctic Climate Evolution: Evidence from Fossil Plants--J. E. Francis, A. Ashworth, D. J. Cantrill, J. A. Crame, J. Howe, R. Stephens, A.-M. Tosolini, and V. Thorn
Pages 19-28
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From page 19... ...
4 British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, The most detailed record of Cretaceous terrestrial climates UK. from plants comes from Alexander Island on the Antarctic 19
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From page 20... ...
ander Island is based mainly on comparison with the ecologi The in situ preservation of the plants has allowed cal tolerances of similar living Southern Hemisphere taxa detailed reconstructions of the forest environments by (Falcon-Lang et al., 2001)
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From page 21... ...
Younger Cretaceous strata preserved within the James A more quantitative analysis of the leaves based on Ross Island back-arc basin, and which crop out on James physiognomic aspects of the leaves, using leaf margin analyRoss, Seymour, and adjacent islands, contain a series of sis and simple and multiple linear regression models, profossil floras that are providing new information about biodi- vided data on paleotemperatures and precipitation. Estimates versity and climate.
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From page 22... ...
plants from Table Nunatak on the east side of the Antarc These fossil plants are thus indicative of tropical and tic Peninsula. A small isolated outcrop has yielded layers subtropical climates at high paleolatitudes during the mid- of charcoal, produced by wildfires, within a sequence of Late Cretaceous, without extended periods of winter tem- sandstones, siltstones, and mudstones, deposited in shallow peratures below freezing and with adequate moisture for marine conditions at the mouth of an estuary or in a delta growth.
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From page 23... ...
It is notable that After the peak warmth of the mid-Late Cretaceous, climate many of the fossil leaves appear to have particularly thick appears to have cooled globally during the latest part of the carbonaceous compressions and, indeed, the living equivaCretaceous, as seen also in the Antarctic fossil wood record lents are evergreen Southern Hemisphere trees that have (Francis and Poole, 2002; Poole et al., 2005)
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From page 24... ...
The decline in diversity indicates a substantial cooling of The angiosperm leaf component is dominated by types with climate over this interval. possibly modern affinities to the Nothofagacae, Lauraceae, Paleoclimate data were derived using CLAMP (Climate and Proteaceae, along with other types, such as Myrtaceae, Leaf Analysis Multivariate Program)
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From page 25... ...
By the age from Seymour Island. Middle Eocene the climate had cooled considerably; the MAT was 10.8 ± 1.1°C with a warm month mean of 24 ± PLANTS IN THE FREEZER 2.7°C, and a cold month mean of –1.17 ± 2.7°C, with 1534 mm annual rainfall.
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From page 26... ...
1992. Late Cretaceous-early Tertiary Antarctic outcrop Cretaceous Angiosperm leaf floras, James Ross Island, Antarctic.
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From page 27... ...
In Cretaceous–Ter- lar glaciation associated with global carbon cycle changes. Nature tiary High-Latitude Palaeoenvironments, James Ross Basin, Antarctica, 436:341-346.
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