English-Chinese, Chinese-English Nuclear Security Glossary (2008) / Chapter Skim
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From page 159... ...
于 2002 年提出的，旨在 weapons of mass destruction to terror通过与裁军、不扩散、反恐和核安 ists or those who support them through 全有关的项目，防止大规模杀伤性 projects pertaining to disarmament, 武器扩散到恐怖主义者或其支持者 nonproliferation, counterterrorism and nuclear safety. Originally targeted at 手中。最初目标是在俄罗斯开展为 carrying out $20 billion of projects in 期 10 年耗资 200 亿美元的项目，现 Russia over 10 years, the G-8 Global 八国集团全球伙伴关系已经扩展到 Partnership has expanded to include 八国以外的国家。 (改自：参考文献 additional countries.
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From page 160... ...
) 比等效百万吨数 equivalent 【bǐděngxiào bǎiwàndūnshù】 megatonnage-to-weight ratio 比例爆高【bǐlì bàogāo】 scaled height of burst 比例爆深【bǐlì bàoshēn】 scaled depth of burst 比威力【bǐwēilì】 yield-to-weight ratio 闭式核燃料循环 closed nuclear fuel cycle 【bìshì héránliào xúnhuán】 There are two common types of nuclear 核燃料循环通常有两种类型。一种 fuel cycle.
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From page 161... ...
, p496) 注：有源标签工作时需要电源，但 Note: An active tag requires electrical power, while a passive tag works 无源标签不需要电源。 without a power supply.
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From page 162... ...
, and with their safe 体制、实体保护措施和国际运输手 guards agreements with the IAEA. The 续。它还进一步指定了参与国要发 Guidelines describe, inter alia, the nuclear material accountancy system, 布的有关钚管理的信息，包括他们 physical protection measures and 所持有的民用未辐照钚和民用反应 international transfer procedures applic 堆乏燃料中含有的钚估量的年度申 able to the plutonium subject to the 报。(源自：参考文献[1]
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From page 163... ...
, 1.30) 钚合金【bùhéjīn】 plutonium alloy 汉 钚净化循环【bù jìnghuà xúnhuán】 plutonium decontamination cycle 英 钚再循环【bù zàixúnhuán】 plutonium recycling 将从乏燃料中回收得到的钚在反应 A process of reusing in nuclear reactors the plutonium extracted from spent fuel.
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From page 164... ...
, 3.8) 参考物质【cānkǎo wùzhì】 reference material 产氚堆【chǎn chuān duī】 tritium production reactor 产氚方法【chǎnchuān fāngfǎ】 methods of tritium production 超临界气体离心机 supercritical gas centrifuge 【chāolínjiè qìtǐ líxīnjī】 超越遏制战略 strategy of going beyond 【chāoyuè èzhì zhànlüè】 containment 成像侦察卫星 imaging reconnaissance 【chéngxiàng zhēnchá wèixīng】 satellite 冲击波弹【chōngjībō dàn】 shock wave weapon 冲击波毁伤效应 damaging and injuring effects 【chōngjībō huǐshāng xiàoyìng】 of shock wave 冲击载荷【chōngjī zàihè】 shock wave load
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，p407) 氚【chuān】 tritium 次临界安全模拟实验系统 subcritical safety simulation 【cìlínjiè ānquán mónǐ shíyàn xìtǒng】 experiment system 次临界度【cìlínjiè dù】 subcriticality 次临界实验【cìlínjiè shíyàn】 subcritical experiment Hydrodynamic detonation experiment in 实验中裂变系统处于次临界状态的 which the fission system remains 爆轰流体动力学实验，裂变材料的 subcritical, the material used would not 用量以不会发生自持链式裂变核反 exceed the amount that may produce a self-sustaining chain reaction.
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From page 166... ...
) 大规模报复战略 strategy of massive retaliation 【dàguīmó bàofù zhànlüè】 大国协调【dàguó xiétiáo】 concert of powers 大陆架【dàlùjià】 continental shelf 大气层核爆炸取样技术 sampling technology of 【dàqìcéng hébàozhà qǔyàng jìshù】 atmospheric nuclear explosion 大气层核试验【dàqìcéng héshìyàn】 atmospheric nuclear test 大气层核试验的安全问题 safety problems of atmospheric 【dàqìcéng héshìyàn de ānquán wèntí】 nuclear test 代表性样品【dàibiǎoxìng yàngpǐn】 representative sample 单位分离功能耗 energy consumption of unit 【dānwèi fēnlígōng nénghào】 separative work 单循环流程【dānxúnhuán liúchéng】 single-cycle process 弹道导弹潜艇 ballistic-missile submarine 【dàndàodǎodàn qiántǐng】
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及 proliferation of systems (except manned air vehicles) , equipments and 有关设备和技术扩散的控制制度。 technologies intended for the delivery of 该制度由"准则"和"设备与技术 weapons of mass destruction (WMD)
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低强度冲突理论 theory of low intensity conflict 【dīqiángdù chōngtū lǐlùn】 地面分辨率/空间分辨率 ground resolution/spatial 【dìmiàn fēnbiànlǜ kōngjiān fēnbiànlǜ】 resolution 地面或地下核爆炸毁伤效应 damaging and injuring effects 【dìmiàn huò dìxià hébàozhà huǐshāng of surface or underground xiàoyìng】 nuclear explosion 地区核材料衡算和控制系统 regional system of accounting 【dìqū hécáiliào héngsuàn hé kòngzhì for and control of nuclear xìtǒng】 material (RSAC)
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, p72) 2 An initial attack on an opponent's 2 对敌方战略核力量的首次打击。 strategic nuclear forces.
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, 9.5) 电磁脉冲弹【diàncí màichōng dàn】 electromagnetic pulse weapon 一种设计成能加强核武器电磁脉冲 A nuclear explosive designed to enhance the electromagnetic pulse 效应的核爆炸装置。(源自：参考文献 radiated by a nuclear weapon.
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乏燃料【fáránliào】 spent fuel 乏燃料的冷却 cooling of spent fuel 【fáránliào de lěngquè】 乏燃料管理安全和放射性废物管理 Spent Fuel Management Safety 安全联合公约 and Radioactive Waste 【fáránliào guǎnlǐ ānquán hé fàngshè Management Safety Joint
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From page 172... ...
, p36-37) 放射性沉降【fàngshèxìng chénjiàng】 radioactive fallout 放射性废物【fàngshèxìng fèiwù】 radioactive waste 放射性废物处置 radioactive waste disposal 【fàngshèxìng fèiwù chǔzhì】 放射性废液处理 processing of radioactive liquid 【fàngshèxìng fèiyè chǔlǐ】 waste 放射性固体废物处理 treatment of radioactive solid 【fàngshèxìng gùtǐ fèiwù chǔlǐ】 waste
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, p102-108) 非核重型轰炸机基线展示 baseline exhibition for 【fēihé zhòngxíng hōngzhàjī jīxiàn non-nuclear heavy bombers zhǎnshì】 非现役弹头【fēi xiànyì dàntóu】 inactive warhead 非现役核武库【fēi xiànyì héwǔkù】 inactive nuclear stockpile 非直接使用材料 indirect use material 【fēi zhíjiē shǐyòng cáiliào】 All nuclear material except direct use 除直接使用材料以外的所有核材 material.
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英 分导式多弹头【fēndǎoshì duōdàntóu】 multiple independently targetable reentry vehicle (MIRV) 分离单元【fēnlí dānyuán】 separative element 分离功【fēnlígōng】 separative work 把一定量的铀浓缩到一定的铀-235 The required work to enrich uranium to a certain level of U-235 concentration.
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From page 175... ...
It also should 同时又要保证被核查设备或部件不 guarantee that inspected equipments or 受影响或不被改变，不揭示被核查 components remain unaffected or un设施的敏感信息。应用中的封记有 changed and that sensitive information 光纤封记、焊缝封记、电子封记和 related to the inspected facilities would 超声封记等。(源自：参考文献[1]
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, p63) 高放废物【gāofàngfèiwù】 high level radioactive waste 高分辨率灵敏照相机 high resolution sensing camera 【gāofēnbiànlǜ língmǐn zhàoxiàngjī】 高技术战争【gāojìshù zhànzhēng】 high-technology warfare 高空核爆炸【gāokōng hébàozhà】 nuclear high altitude burst 高空核爆炸电磁脉冲 electromagnetic pulse of 【gāokōng hébàozhà diàncí màichōng】 high-altitude nuclear explosion 高浓铀【gāonóngyóu】 high-enriched uranium (HEU)
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关于朝鲜半岛无核化共同宣言 (North-South) Joint Declaration 【 guānyú cháoxiǎn bàndǎo wúhéhuà on the Denuclearization of the gòngtóng xuānyán】 Korean Peninsula 关于国际关系中不得进行武力威胁 Principled Declaration on 或使用武力的原则宣言 Refraining from the Threat or 【guānyú guójìguānxì zhōng bùdé Use of Force in Their jìnxíng wǔlì wēixié huò shǐyòng wǔlì de International Relations yuánzé xuānyán】 关于核材料、规定设备和非核材料 voluntary reporting scheme on 自愿报告机制 nuclear material and specified 【guānyú hécáiliào guīdìngshèbèi hé equipment and non-nuclear fēihécáiliào zìyuàn bàogào jīzhì】 material 惯性约束聚变 inertial confinement fusion 【guànxìng yuēshù jùbiàn】 (ICF)
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执行情况而建立的核查机 established to verify the implementation 制的一个组成部分。它主要由地震 of the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban 监测网、大气放射性核素监测网、 Treaty (CTBT)
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From page 179... ...
To date, 145 的保障监督协议，将核材料、核设 States have entered into such 施和核活动呈交 IAEA 保障监督视 agreements with the IAEA, submitting 查员进行详细审查。IAEA 的核查 nuclear materials, facilities and 有助于确认上述项目未转用或滥用 activities to the scrutiny of IAEA's safeguards inspectors. IAEA verification 于制造核武器，以及保障监督所要 helps to provide assurance that such 求申报的项目已全部申报。(源自： items are not diverted or misused in
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【guójiā diǎnhuǒ zhuāngzhì】 国家核材料衡算和控制系统 state system of accounting for 【guójiā hécáiliào héngsuàn hé kòngzhì and control of nuclear material xìtǒng】 (SSAC)
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, p198) 国家军事战略【guójiā jūnshì zhànlüè】 national military strategy The deployment and application of 分配和运用军事力量以实现国家安 military power to attain national security 全战略和国防战略目标。(改自：参 strategy and national defense strategy 考文献[9]
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From page 182... ...
with the authority to fund assistance to the eligible states of the 苏联国家拆除和销毁大规模杀伤性 former Soviet Union to dismantle and 武器提供资金援助，加强拆卸过程
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Since 1996, the Department of State and Department of Energy have assumed responsibility respectively for redirection of weapons expertise and export controls (State) and nuclear material control and accountability (DOE)
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, p221) 核爆激励 X 射线激光器 X-ray laser pumped by nuclear 【hébào jīlì X shèxiàn jīguāngqì】 explosion 核爆激励定向能武器 directed-energy weapon driven 【hébào jīlì dìngxiàngnéng wǔqì】 by a nuclear explosion 核爆激励高功率微波武器 nuclear-explosion-driven 【hébào jīlì gāogōnglǜ wēibō wǔqì】 microwave weapon A nuclear explosive with special 一种具有特殊性能的核爆炸装置， characteristics coupled with a special 它通过与微波发生器耦合的方式， microwave generator that can disturb or 产生以高功率微波干扰或毁坏敌方 destroy enemies' communication system or electronic components of 通信系统或武器的电子部件。又称 weapons by high-power microwaves.
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, p14-15) 核爆炸产生的放射性核素 radioactive nuclide from 【hébàozhà chǎnshēng de nuclear explosion fàngshèxìng hésù】 核爆炸产生的放射性气溶胶 radioactive aerosol of nuclear 【hébàozhà chǎnshēng de fàngshèxìng explosion qìróngjiāo】 核爆炸成坑效应 cratering of nuclear explosion 【hébàozhà chéngkēng xiàoyìng】 核爆炸冲击波【hébàozhà chōngjībō】 nuclear explosion shock wave 核爆炸的长期生物效应 long-term biological effects of 【hébàozhà de chángqī shēngwù nuclear explosion xiàoyìng】 核爆炸的计算机模拟 computer simulation of a 【hébàozhà de jìsuànjī mónǐ】 nuclear explosion 核爆炸地球物理效应 geophysical effects of nuclear 【hébàozhà dìqiúwùlǐ xiàoyìng】 explosion 核爆炸方式(环境)
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辐射毁伤效应 damaging and injuring effects 【 hébàozhà guāngrèfúshè huǐshāng of thermal radiation of nuclear xiàoyìng】 explosion 核爆炸环境取样 environmental sampling of 【hébàozhà huánjìng qǔyàng】 nuclear explosion 核爆炸火球【hébàozhà huǒqiú】 nuclear explosion fireball 核爆炸火球参数测量 measurement of nuclear fireball 【hébàozhà huǒqiú cānshù cèliáng】 parameters 核爆炸级瞬时辐射模拟源 nuclear-explosion-level prompt 【hébàozhàjí shùnshí fúshè radiation simulation source mónǐ yuán】 核爆炸模拟【hébàozhà mónǐ】 simulation of nuclear explosion 核爆炸碎片的分凝 nuclear explosion debris 【hébàozhà suìpiàn de fēnníng】 fractionation 核爆炸探测【hébàozhà tàncè】 detection of nuclear explosion 核爆炸探测技术 detection technology of nuclear 【hébàozhà tàncè jìshù】 explosion 核爆炸探测系统 detection system of nuclear 【hébàozhà tàncè xìtǒng】 explosion 核爆炸通信效应 effects of nuclear explosion on 【hébàozhà tōngxìn xiàoyìng】 communication 核爆炸物理模拟 physical-simulation of nuclear 【hébàozhà wùlǐ mónǐ】 explosion 核爆炸现场视察技术 technologies for on-site 【hébàozhà xiànchǎng shìchá jìshù】 inspection of nuclear explosion 核爆炸效应【hébàozhà xiàoyìng】 nuclear explosion effects
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, p377) 英 核爆炸早期核辐射 initial nuclear radiation of 【hébàozhà zǎoqī héfúshè】 nuclear explosion 核爆炸早期核辐射毁伤效应 injuring and damaging effects 【 hébàozhà zǎoqī héfúshè huǐshāng of initial nuclear radiation of xiàoyìng】 nuclear explosion 核爆炸装置【hébàozhà zhuāngzhì】 nuclear explosive device A fission or thermonuclear device 具有核爆炸功能的裂变装置或热核 capable of producing a nuclear explo装置。(改自：参考文献[3]
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保护公约 Convention on Physical 【hécáiliào shítǐwù bǎohù gōngyuē】 Protection for Nuclear Material 该公约以促进《不扩散核武器条约》 The convention signed to promote the peaceful purpose of developing and 的各缔约国和平发展和利用核能为 using nuclear energy among every 目的，并加强各国对核材料使用、 Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty State Party, to strengthen the protection of 储存和运输的保护，防止核材料的 nuclear material usage, storage and 非法获取及使用而可能造成的危 transportation, and to prevent the 险。公约于 1980 年 3 月签署。2005 possible dangers caused by illegally obtaining and using nuclear material. It 年 7 月通过了旨在进一步加强核设 was signed on 3 March, 1980.
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6.41) 核材料现有库存 existing stock of nuclear 【hécáiliào xiànyǒu kùcún】 material 核材料意外事件 nuclear material incident 【hécáiliào yìwài shìjiàn】 核材料转化时间 conversion time of nuclear 【hécáiliào zhuǎnhuà shíjiān】 material 核材料转用 diversion of nuclear material 【hécáiliào zhuǎnyòng】 核查【héchá】 verification In the arms control field, it refers to the 在军控中是指确认缔约国是否遵守 process of establishing whether state 协议条款的过程。它必须监测各缔 parties are complying with the provision 约国有关条约承诺的活动，分析从 of an agreement.
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) assistance to foreign countries or regions that involve nuclear materials, nuclear equipment, non-nuclear mater ials used for reactors and other items as well as their related technologies.
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, p50) 核导弹可靠性【hédǎodàn kěkàoxìng】 reliability of nuclear missiles 核导弹射程【hédǎodàn shèchéng】 range of nuclear missiles 核导弹投掷重量 throw weight of nuclear missile 【hédǎodàn tóuzhì zhòngliàng】 核电厂废物【hédiànchǎng fèiwù】 waste from nuclear power plant 核电磁脉冲【hédiàncí màichōng】 nuclear electromagnetic pulse (NEMP)
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核能级【hénéngjí】 nuclear energy level 核炮弹【hépàodàn】 nuclear artillery projectile 核燃料【héránliào】 nuclear fuel 核燃料后处理【héránliào hòuchǔlǐ】 nuclear fuel reprocessing 核燃料循环【héránliào xúnhuán】 nuclear fuel cycle A system of nuclear installations and 由与核材料物流相关的核设施及核 activities interconnected by streams of 活动组成的系统。从由国外提供带 nuclear material. The characteristics of 燃料的单个反应堆，到一整套完善 the fuel cycle may vary widely from 系统，不同国家之间燃料循环的特 State to State, from a single reactor 点可能存在很大差异。(源自：参考文 supplied from abroad with fuel, to a fully 献[4]
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as a result of nuclear 耗。核损耗还包括核材料在反应堆 reactions. Nuclear loss also includes 中燃烧所造成的损耗以及存储期间 burn up of nuclear material in a reactor 衰变所造成的损耗(例如钚-241 的 and decay (e.g.
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, p21) 4 使原子核产生裂变或聚变链式反 4 A device that releases nuclear energy in an explosive manner as the result of 应(或兼而有之)
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" Refer to "permissive action link (PAL) " 核武器触发引信 contact fuze of nuclear weapon 【héwǔqì chùfā yǐnxìn】 核武器的防护 protection of nuclear weapon 【héwǔqì de fánghù】 核武器的延寿与退役 lifetime extension and 【héwǔqì de yánshòu yǔ tuìyì】 decommissioning of nuclear weapon 核武器地面测控设备 equipment for ground test and 【héwǔqì dìmiàn cèkòng shèbèi】 monitoring of nuclear weapon 核武器工程设计 engineering design of nuclear 【héwǔqì gōngchéng shèjì】 weapon 核武器惯性引信 inertia fuze of nuclear weapon 【héwǔqì guànxìng yǐnxìn】 核武器国家【héwǔqì guójiā】 nuclear weapon state (NWS)
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38 正常环境条件下，以设计性能指标 lifetime, the capability to achieve the nuclear explosion within the designed 实现核爆炸的能力。(改自：参考文献， performance under the defined normal [2]
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, p222) 核武器投射【héwǔqì tóushè】 projection of nuclear weapon 核武器突防能力 penetration ability of nuclear 【héwǔqì tūfáng nénglì】 weapon 核武器物理【héwǔqì wùlǐ】 nuclear weapon physics 核武器小型化【héwǔqì xiǎoxínghuà】 nuclear weapon miniaturization 核武器遥测系统 telemetry system for nuclear 【héwǔqì yáocè xìtǒng】 weapon 核武器一点安全 one-point safety of a nuclear 【héwǔqì yīdiǎn ānquán】 weapon Safety performance of a nuclear 核武器在异常环境(撞击或枪击)
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From page 198... ...
任何事故中，炸药任何一点起爆时 The U.S. military standard is that the 所产生的裂变能在 1.8 千克梯恩梯 probability of releasing more than 1.8 kg TNT equivalent fission energy when any 当量以上的概率小于百万分之一。 point of the explosive is ignited is less 汉 (改自：参考文献[2]
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) 核炸弹【hézhàdàn】 nuclear bomb 核战斗部【hézhàndòubù】 nuclear warhead The part of a nuclear weapon whose 核武器中用来毁伤目标的部分。主 function is to destroy or damage 要由核爆炸装置、引爆控制系统、 targets.
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, p112) 核战能力【hézhàn nénglì】 nuclear warfighting capability In nuclear strategy, having the capability 在核战略中，具有使用核武器进行 to use nuclear weapons to fight a war, 战争的能力，而不仅限于慑止核战 and not just to deter the outbreak of 争爆发的能力。(改自：参考文献[48]
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混合样品【hùnhé yàngpǐn】 composite sample 机动导弹【jīdòng dǎodàn】 mobile missile 机动再入弹头【jīdòng zàirù dàntóu】 maneuverable reentry vehicle (MaRV) 积极防御【jījí fángyù】 active defense Note 1: Term used to describe China's
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) 基准数据视察【jīzhǔn shùjù shìchá】 baseline data inspection 激光等离子体离子萃取 laser plasma ion extraction 【jīguāng děnglízǐtǐlízǐ cuìqǔ】 激光分离同位素 laser isotope separation 【jīguāng fēnlí tóngwèisù】 激光化学法分离同位素 laser chemical isotope 【jīguāng huàxuéfǎ fēnlí tóngwèisù】 separation 级联【jílián】 cascade 级联理论【jílián lǐlùn】 theory of cascade 级联效率【jílián xiàolǜ】 efficiency of cascade 集体安全【jítǐ ānquán】 collective security
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舰船用动力反应堆 marine propulsion reactor 【jiànchuányòng dònglì fǎnyìngduī】 校准【jiàozhǔn】 calibration 结合能【jiéhé'néng】 binding energy 解除豁免【jiěchú huòmiǎn 】 de-exemption 解耦的地下核爆炸 decoupled underground 【jiě'ǒu de dìxià hébàozhà】 nuclear explosion
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, p3-27) 禁止【jìnzhǐ】 ban 禁止生产易裂变材料核查 verification of the fissile 【jìnzhǐ shēngchǎn yìlièbiàn cáiliào material production cutoff héchá】 禁止为核武器生产易裂变材料 prohibition of the production of 【jìnzhǐ wèi héwǔqì shēngchǎn fissile material for nuclear yìlièbiàn cáiliào】 weapon 禁止在大气层、外层空间和水下进 Treaty Banning Nuclear 行核武器试验条约 Weapon Tests in the 【jìnzhǐ zài dàqìcéng wàicéng kōngjiān Atmosphere, in Outer Space hé shuǐxià jìnxíng héwǔqì shìyàn and Under Water (PTBT)
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同位素或同位素混合物。有些可裂 Some fissionable materials are capable 变材料只有在足够快的中子(如动 of fission only by sufficiently fast 能超过 1 MeV 的中子) 作用下才能 neutrons (e.g.
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，4.6) 可区分性展示 distinguishability exhibition 【kěqūfēnxìng zhǎnshì】 可疑场地视察【kěyí chǎngdì shìchá】 suspect-site inspection 可用于武器的材料 weapon-usable material 【kěyòngyú wǔqì de cáiliào】 可转换材料【kězhuǎnhuàn cáiliào】 fertile material Nuclear material that can be converted 通过在一个原子核中俘获一个中子 into a special fissionable material 而能被转化为特种可裂变材料的一 through capture of one neutron per 种核材料。(源自：参考文献[4]
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49 拉丁美洲和加勒比海禁止核武器 Treaty for the Prohibition of 条约 Nuclear Weapons in Latin 【lādīngměizhōu hé jiālèbǐhǎi America and the Caribbean jìnzhǐ héwǔqì tiáoyuē】 滥用【lànyòng】 misuse 雷道克斯流程【léidàokèsī liúchéng】 redox process 累积辐照剂量【lěijī fúzhào jìliàng】 cumulative radiation dose 汉 冷战【lěngzhàn】 cold war 英 离心分离工厂【líxīn fēnlí gōngchǎng】 centrifuge separation plant 离心机失效率【líxīnjī shīxiàolǜ】 centrifuge failure rate 离心机专用变频电源 variable frequency power for 【líxīnjī zhuānyòng biànpín diànyuán】 special purpose of a centrifuge 离心机转子材料 centrifuge rotor material 【líxīnjī zhuànzǐ cáiliào】 离心机转子动力学 centrifuge rotor dynamics 【líxīnjī zhuànzǐ dònglìxué】 离心机阻尼装置 centrifuge damping device 【líxīnjī zǔní zhuāngzhì】 离子【lízǐ】 ion 锂【lǐ】 lithium 锂同位素分离【lǐ tóngwèisù fēnlí】 lithium isotopes separation 例行视察【lìxíng shìchá】 routine inspection 连续视察【liánxù shìchá】 continuous inspection An inspection regime intended to 为达到保障监督目的，通过察看关 maintain continuity of knowledge con键操作、记录测量和运行的数据并 cerning inventory and flow of nuclear 核实这些信息，借以持续地掌握材 material by witnessing key operations, recording measurement and operating 料的库存清单和流向情况的视察机 data, and verifying the information in 制。(源自：参考文献[4]
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for Disarmament 英 Affairs 联合国裁军事务咨询委员会 United Nations Advisory Board 【liánhéguó cáijūn shìwù on Disarmament Affairs zīxún wěiyuánhuì】 联合国裁军研究所 United Nations Institute for 【liánhéguó cáijūn yánjiūsuǒ】 Disarmament Research (UNIDIR) 联合国常规军备委员会 United Nations Commission for 【liánhéguó chángguī Conventional Armaments jūnbèi wěiyuánhuì】 联合国常规武器转让登记册 United Nations Register of 【liánhéguó chángguī wǔqì Conventional Weapons zhuǎnràng dēngjìcè】 联合国大会【liánhéguó dàhuì】 UN General Assembly 联合国大会第一委员会 First Committee of the UN 【liánhéguó dàhuì dìyī wěiyuánhuì】 General Assembly 联合国关于侵略定义的决议 UN resolution concerning the 【liánhéguó guānyú qīnlüè definition of aggression dìngyì de juéyì】 联合国宪章【liánhéguó xiànzhāng】 United Nations Charter 链式反应【liànshì fǎnyìng】 chain reaction 两面下注战略 hedging strategy 【liǎngmiàn xiàzhù zhànlüè】 A balanced approach to foster 尽可能促进和他国合作但也为敌对 cooperation with a nation where possi 活动做准备的一种均衡做法。改自： ble while also preparing for hostile ( activity.
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, p40) 临界装置【línjiè zhuāngzhì】 critical assembly 临时通知视察【línshí tōngzhī shìchá】 short-notice inspection An inspection performed at a facility or a IAEA 对一个国家的一处设施或设 location outside facilities for which less 施外的一处场地进行视察时，提前 advance notice is provided by the IAEA 通报时间比 INFIRCIR/153 协议的 to the State than that provided for under 第 83 段规定的通报时间短的视察。 paragraph 83 of [IAEA INFIRCIR 153]
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在 1958 年至 1961 年的暂停 1958-61 moratorium on nuclear testing 核试验期间研究核爆炸"一点安全" to investigate the "one-point" safety of a 时首先使用。该实验在次临界增殖 nuclear explosive. The experiments 装置中或极轻微的超临界状态下进 resulted in subcritical multiplying assemblies or a very slight degree of 行，在某些情况下会释放小于 7 兆 supercriticality and, in some cases, 焦设计限额的裂变能。(改自：参考文 involved a fission energy release less 献[30]
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) 美苏关于防止核战争协定 Agreement Between the United 【měi sū guānyú fángzhǐ hézhànzhēng States of America and the xiédìng】 Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on the Prevention of Nuclear War 美苏关于减少爆发核战争危险的措 Agreement on Measures to 施的协定 Reduce the Risk of Outbreak of 【měi sū guānyú jiǎnshǎo bàofā Nuclear War Between the hézhànzhēng wēixiǎn de cuòshī de United States of America and xiédìng】 the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
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美苏关于削减和限制进攻性战略武 Treaty Between the United 器条约 States of America and the 【měi sū guānyú xuējiǎn hé xiànzhì Union of Soviet Socialist jìngōngxìng zhànlüèwǔqì tiáoyuē】 Republics on the Reduction and Limitation of Offensive Strategic Arms (START I) 美苏关于削减和限制进攻性战略武 Protocol to the Treaty Between 器条约议定书 the United States of America 【měi sū guānyú xuējiǎn hé xiànzhì and the Union of Soviet jìngōngxìng zhànlüèwǔqì tiáoyuē Socialist Republics on the yìdìngshū】 Reduction and Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms 美苏和平利用地下核爆炸条约 Treaty Between the United 【měi sū hépíng lìyòng dìxià hébàozhà States of America and the tiáoyuē】 Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on Underground Nuclear Explosion for Peaceful Purposes (PNE)
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英 美苏限制进攻性战略武器条约 Treaty Between the United 【měi sū xiànzhì jìngōngxìng zhànlüè States of America and the wǔqì tiáoyuē】 Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on the Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms (SALT II Treaty) 盟约【méngyuē】 covenant 密码锁(亦称启动连接装置)
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批数据【pīshùjù】 batch data 贫化【pínhuà】 depletion 贫化铀【pínhuàyóu】 depleted uranium 平洞地下核试验 tunnel nuclear test 【píngdòng dìxià héshìyàn】 破坏性分析【pòhuàixìng fēnxī】 destructive analysis (DA) 普雷克斯流程【pǔléikèsī liúchéng】 PUREX (Plutonium Uranium (钚铀的萃取回收流程)
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料回收厂 scrap recovery plant 【qiēxuē suì liào huíshōuchǎng】 勤务保险【qínwù bǎoxiǎn】 service safety 氢弹【qīngdàn】 hydrogen bomb 氢弹构形【qīngdàn gòuxíng】 configuration of hydrogen bomb
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, pII-41) 燃耗【ránhào】 burnup 燃料棒束【ránliàobàngshù】 fuel bundle 燃料部件【ránliào bùjiàn】 fuel component 燃料元件【ránliào yuánjiàn】 fuel element 燃料制造厂【ránliào zhìzàochǎng】 fuel fabrication plant 燃料组件【ránliào zǔjiàn】 fuel assembly 热核点火【rèhé diǎnhuǒ】 thermonuclear ignition 热核武器【rèhéwǔqì】 thermonuclear weapon 热室【rèshì】 hot cell
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英 wǔqì 3Rdàn】 三位一体战略核力量 triad strategic nuclear force 【sānwèiyītǐ zhànlüè hélìliàng】 Refer to "old nuclear triad" 参见"旧核三位一体" 三相弹【sānxiàngdàn】 tri-phase bomb A type of hydrogen bomb whose energy 放能过程经历由裂变到聚变再到裂 release process consists of three 变三个阶段的一种氢弹，其最后的 phases: fission, fusion, and then fission. 裂变阶段由临近于热核燃料的天然 The final fission phase is achieved by 铀、贫铀或浓缩铀来完成。世界上 the use of natural uranium, depleted 大多数战略核武器都属于这种类 uranium, or enriched uranium in proximity to the thermonuclear fuel.
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设施关闭视察 close-out inspection 【shèshī guānbì shìchá】 设施外场所【shèshīwài chǎngsuǒ】 location outside facilities (LOF) 设施周边与进出口连续监测 perimeter portal continuous 【shèshī zhōubiān yǔ jìnchūkǒu monitoring liánxù jiāncè】 射程【shèchéng】 firing range 生产堆【shēngchǎnduī】 production reactor 声明【shēngmíng】 statement 湿法贮存【shīfǎ zhùcún】 wet storage 十八国裁军委员会 Eighteen-Nation Committee on 【shíbāguó cáijūn wěiyuánhuì】 Disarmament (ENCD)
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保护报警系统 alarm system for physical 【shítǐ shíwù bǎohù bàojǐng xìtǒng】 protection 实物存量【shíwù cúnliàng】 physical inventory The sum of all the measured or derived 某一给定时刻，在特定核材料平衡 estimates of batch quantities of nuclear 区内，按照规定程序测量或估算所 material on hand at a given time within 得到的所有批量的核材料总和。(改 a material balance area, obtained in
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, 10.30) 竖井地下核试验 shaft nuclear test 【shùjǐng dìxià héshìyàn】 数据更新视察【shùjù gēngxīn shìchá】 data update inspection 衰变【shuāibiàn】 decay 衰变能【shuāibiànnéng】 decay energy 双边合作协定 bilateral cooperation agreement 【shuāngbiān hézuò xiédìng】 双循环流程 two cycle process 【shuāngxúnhuán liúchéng】 水法后处理【shuǐfǎ hòuchǔlǐ】 aqueous reprocessing 水氟化流程【shuǐfúhuà liúchéng】 aquafluor process 水面及水下核爆炸毁伤效应 damaging and injuring effects 【shuǐmiàn jí shuǐxià hébàozhà of shallow or underwater huǐshāng xiàoyìng】 nuclear explosion 水声监测【shuǐshēng jiāncè】 hydroacoustic monitoring
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(钍萃取流程) process 探知概率【tànzhī gàilǜ】 detection probability 探知时间【tànzhī shíjiān】 detection time 特别视察【tèbié shìchá】 ad hoc inspection 特殊效应核武器 tailored effects nuclear weapon 【tèshū xiàoyìng héwǔqì】 特种可裂变材料 special fissionable material 【tèzhǒng kělièbiàn cáiliào】 Plutonium-239; uranium-233; uranium 钚 -239 ； 铀 -233 ； 浓 缩 了 同 位 素 enriched in the isotopes 235 or 233; any 铀-235 或铀-233 的铀；任何含上述 material containing one or more of the foregoing; and such other fissionable 一种或多种物质的材料； 以及 IAEA material as the IAEA of Governors shall 理事会随时确定的其他可裂变材 from time to time determine; but the 料；但"特种可裂变材料"不包括 term "special fissionable material" does 源材料。(源自：参考文献[4]
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, 11.11) 同位素【tóngwèisù】 isotope 同位素分离【tóngwèisù fēnlí】 isotope separation 同位素分离因子 isotope separation factor 【tóngwèisù fēnlí yīnzǐ】 A characteristic value for measuring 表征分离单元分离效果的特征量， separative efficiency of a separative 表示某一分离效应所产生同位素相 unit.
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in space for providing infor事活动提供信息支持。(改自：参考文 mation support to military activities.
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未申报设施或设施外场所 undeclared facility or location 【wèi shēnbào shèshī huò outside facilities (LOF) shèshīwài chǎngsuǒ】
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, p495) 英 无源标签【wúyuán biāoqiān】 passive tag 参见"标签" Refer to "tag" 无源封记【wúyuán fēngjì】 passive seal 参见"封记" Refer to "seal" 无源中子探测 passive neutron detection 【wúyuán zhōngzǐ tàncè】 A method of rapid non-destructive 通过探测裂变材料的自发中子而对 detection of fissionable material or 裂变材料或含裂变材料的装置进行 devices containing fissionable materials by detecting neutrons spontaneously 快速无损探测的方法。(源自：参考文 emitted from such fissionable material.
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, p91) 误差【wùchā】 error 汉 英 西方国家集团 Western Group 【xīfāng guójiā jítuán】 吸收【xīshōu】 absorption 吸收剂量【xīshōu jìliàng】 absorbed dose 系统电磁脉冲 system-generated 【xìtǒng diàncí màichōng】 electromagnetic pulse 系统取样【xìtǒng qǔyàng】 systematic sampling The process of selecting samples in a 在一个连续的过程中以重复的方式 repeated pattern, such as every 11th 进行取样，如每隔 10 个物项取样或 item or at fixed time intervals, from a 每隔一定的时间间隔取样。(源自： continuing process.
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响应力量【xiǎngyìng lìliàng】 responsive force The responsive force is intended to 意指在遭遇潜在的意外事故时能增 provide a capability to augment the 加作战部署力量的能力。它使领导 operationally deployed force to meet 层能握有根据危机发展的程度而增 potential contingencies. It retains the option for leadership to increase the 加作战部署力量数量的选择权。 number of operationally deployed (改自：参考文献[66]
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(4) Nuclear war is a 存与发展；(5)
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) manifestations of new thinking included 英 certain unilateral disarmament measures, reductions in the size of certain military forces, and a strong commitment to bilateral and multilateral confidence building and arms control measures.(From: Reference [57]
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亚临界气体离心机【yàlínjiè qìtǐ líxīnjī】 subcritical gas centrifuge 延伸(扩展) 核威慑 extended nuclear deterrence 【yánshēn kuòzhǎn héwēishè】 1 Strategy of preventing nuclear attack 1 通过用核报复导致无法承受的毁 on one's allies by threatening the perceived or potential enemy with 伤以威胁觉察到的或潜在的敌手， unacceptable damage by nuclear 防止其对盟国进行核打击的战略。 retaliation.
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，p235) 一次通过式核燃料循环 once-through nuclear fuel cycle 【yīcì tōngguòshì héránliào xúnhuán】 一体化保障监督 integrated safeguards 【yītǐhuà bǎozhàng jiāndū】 The optimum combination of all 在全面保障监督协议及附加议定书 safeguards measures available to the 下，国际原子能机构所能获得的所 IAEA under comprehensive safeguards agreements and additional protocols to 有保障监督手段的最佳组合，其目 achieve maximum effectiveness and 的是利用可拥有的资源，最有效、 efficiency in meeting the IAEA's 最高效地满足国际原子能机构规定 safeguards obligations within available 的保障监督义务。(源自：参考文献[4]
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74 易损性评定【yìsǔnxìng píngdìng】 vulnerability assessment 引控系统联试 integrated test of Arming, 【yǐnkòng xìtǒng liánshì】 Fuzing & Firing (AF&F) system 铀【yóu】 uranium 铀-233【yóu 233】 uranium-233 铀钚分离循环 uranium-plutonium partition 汉 【yóu bù fēnlí xúnhuán】 cycle 英 铀钚混合氧化物 uranium-plutonium mixed 【yóu bù hùnhé yǎnghuàwù】 dioxide 铀钚循环【yóu bù xúnhuán】 uranium-plutonium cycle 铀产品的转化 conversion of uranium product 【yóuchǎnpǐn de zhuǎnhuà】 铀纯化厂【yóu chúnhuàchǎng】 uranium purification plant 铀的氟化物【yóu de fúhuàwù】 fluorides of uranium 铀的中间氟化物 intermediate fluorides of 【yóu de zhōngjiān fúhuàwù】 uranium 铀光谱【yóu guāngpǔ】 uranium spectrum 铀合金【yóu héjīn】 uranium alloy 铀化学浓缩物 uranium chemical concentrate 【yóu huàxué nóngsuōwù】 铀净化循环 uranium decontamination cycle 【yóu jìnghuà xúnhuán】 铀矿开采和水冶 uranium mine and ore 【yóukuàng kāicǎi hé shuǐyě】 processing 铀同位素分离【yóu tóngwèisù fēnlí】 uranium isotope separation 铀氧化物的氟化 fluorination of uranium oxide 【yóuyǎnghuàwù de fúhuà】 铀再循环【yóu zàixúnhuán】 uranium recycling A process of reusing the uranium 将从乏燃料中回收得到的铀在反应 extracted from spent fuel in nuclear 堆内再循环使用的过程。(源自：参 reactors.
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有限战争【yǒuxiàn zhànzhēng】 limited war 有效载荷【yǒuxiào zàihè】 payload 有源标签【yǒuyuán biāoqiān】 active tag 参见"标签" Refer to "tag" 有源封记【yǒuyuán fēngjì】 active seal 参见"封记" Refer to "seal" 有源中子探测 active neutron detection 【yǒuyuán zhōngzǐ tàncè】 A method of determining the existence 利用外源诱发裂变材料裂变，通过 of fissionable material through detecting the neutrons emitted from the fission 探测裂变发出的中子而证实裂变材 that is induced by an external source.
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原始数据【yuánshǐ shùjù】 source data 汉 原子弹【yuánzǐdàn】 atomic bomb 英 原子弹弹芯【yuánzǐdàn dànxīn】 core of atomic bomb 参见"弹芯" Refer to "pit" 原子弹反射层(惰层) reflector (tamper)
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, 4.4) 运行记录【yùnxíng jìlù】 operating records 汉 英 再入段【zàirùduàn】 reentry phase 暂停核试验【zàntíng héshìyàn】 moratorium on nuclear testing 暂停实施议定书 suspension protocol 【zàntíng shíshī yìdìngshū】 脏弹【zāngdàn】 dirty bomb 参见"放射性物质散布装置" Refer to "radiological dispersal device (RDD)
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，p24) Strategic nuclear weapons are in service with the strategic nuclear forces.
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p9) 参见"战略核武器" Refer to "strategic nuclear weapon" 账面平衡【zhàngmiàn pínghéng】 account balance 照射【zhàoshè】 exposure 针对性威慑【zhēnduìxìng wēishè】 tailored deterrence Flexible deterrence capabilities and 根据目标国具体的心理、政治、意 operational doctrines specifically de识形态，及经济状况而特别制订的 signed according to the specific 灵活的威摄能力与实战原则。(源自： psychological, political, ideological, and economic characteristics of the targeted 参考文献[21]
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) 中国核出口三项原则 Three Principles on Nuclear 【zhōngguó héchūkǒu sānxiàng Export Control of China yuánzé】 China's three principles of nuclear ex 中国核出口三项原则：第一，只用 ports: guarantee for peaceful purposes 于和平目的；第二，接受国际原子 only; acceptance of IAEA safeguards; 能机构的保障和监督；第三，未经 and no retransfer to any third party 中国同意，接受国不得转让给第三 without prior approval of the Chinese 国。(源自：参考文献[1]
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. 英 中华人民共和国核两用品及相关技 Regulations of the People's Re术出口管制条例 public of China on Export Con【zhōnghuá rénmín gònghéguó hé trol of Dual-Use Nuclear Goods liǎngyòngpǐn jí xiāngguān jìshù chūkǒu and the Related Technologies guǎnzhì tiáolì】 The chinese government promulgated 中国政府于 1998 年 6 月 10 日公布 the Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Export Control of 《中华人民共和国核两用品及相关 Dual-use Nuclear Goods and the 技术出口管制条例》，条例从公布 Related Technologies on June 10, 之日起生效。 条例由 23 条正文和附 1998.
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重水生产厂 heavy water production plant 【zhòngshuǐ shēngchǎnchǎng】 重要核设施【zhòngyào héshèshī】 principal nuclear facility 重要量【zhòngyàoliàng】 significant quantity (SQ) 不能排除制造一枚核爆炸装置可能 The approximate amount of nuclear material for which the possibility of 性的核材料的大致数量。(源自：参 manufacturing a nuclear explosive 考文献[4]
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) 汉 转化厂【zhuǎnhuàchǎng】 conversion plant 英 转化时间【zhuǎnhuà shíjiān】 conversion time The time required to convert different 将不同形式的核材料转化成核爆炸 forms of nuclear material to the metallic 装置金属部件所需要的时间。 (源自： components of a nuclear explosive 参考文献[4]
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It unconditionally 无条件地承诺不对无核国家和无核 undertakes not to use or threaten to use 地区使用或威胁使用核武器，主张 nuclear weapons against non-nuclear 全面禁止和彻底销毁核武器。该战 weapon states or nuclear-weapon-free 汉 zones, and stands for the comprehen英 略坚持自卫反击和有限发展的原 sive prohibition and complete elimina 则，着眼于建设一支满足国家安全 tion of nuclear weapons. The strategy 需要的精干有效的核力量，确保核 upholds the principles of counterattack in self-defense and limited development 武器的安全性、可靠性，保持核力 of nuclear weapons, and aims at build 量的战略威慑作用。(改自：参考文献 ing a lean and effective nuclear force [34]
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85 最低核威慑【zuìdī héwēishè】 minimum deterrence Threatening the lowest level of damage 通过威胁使用最少数量的核武器， necessary to prevent attack, with the 产生能够慑止对方攻击所需的最低 fewest number of nuclear weapons 限度的破坏。(源自：参考文献[24]
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