Ground Water Models Scientific and Regulatory Applications (1990) / Chapter Skim
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1 INTRODUCTION
1 INTRODUCTION
Pages 22-27
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provide guidelines concerning how models should be developed and applied in the regulatory process so that their utility and credibility are enhanced. This study is particularly timely because there are both increasing reliance on models and increasing uncertainty about the extent to which models can be and should be used.
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to assess the potential impact of a particular project before it is implemented, e.g., the likelihood and severity of leakage of radioactive wastes from a long-term nuclear waste depository; ~ an administrative record to support the technical standards required pursuant to federal or state regulations; an administrative record supporting a remedial action deci an administrative record for a permit at a particular site; and evidence at a trial, e.g., to establish causation in a Superfund contribution action by one private party against another private party or to establish exposure in a personal injury action. THE GROWTH IN THE USE OF MODELS The growth in the use of models in the United States stems from a series of ever more stringent and comprehensive environmental statutes developed since the early 1970s.
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a Potential Superfund NPL sites that must be assessed preliminarily and inspected by 1989b Superfund remedial investigations and feasibility studies at Superfund sites that must be commenced By 1989 By 1991C Number Nationwide (unless otherwise noted) 951 27,000 Superfund remedial actions that must be commenced By 1989 By 1992C RCRA hazardous waste facilities Operating landfills Closing landfills Operating and closing incinerator and other treatment and storage facilities Projected number of RCRA facility investigations RCRA nonhazardous waste facilities (e.g., municipal and identical landfills RCRA nonhazardous waste facilities with a high likelihood of containing hazardous wastese Mining waste sitese Underground storage tanks e Pesticide-contaminated sitese Underground injection wellsf Class I wells (hazardous waste injected below a U.S.
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. 'Geophysics Study Committee, Geophysics Research Forum, Commission on Physical Sciences, Mathematics, and Resources, National Research Council, Groundwater Contamination Table 1, at 4 (1984)
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It is within this context that the Water Science and Technology Board assembled the Committee on Ground Water Modeling Assessment to examine the current state of knowledge in ground water models and the role of contaminant transport in the regulatory arena. This 21-month study was supported by the Electric Power Research Institute, the U.S.
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241. National Research Council.
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