Setting the Stage for International Spent Nuclear Fuel Storage Facilities International Workshop Proceedings (2008) / Chapter Skim
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7 The Importance of Storage and Disposal in Multinational Approaches to the Fuel Cycle--Charles McCombie and Neil Chapman
7 The Importance of Storage and Disposal in Multinational Approaches to the Fuel Cycle--Charles McCombie and Neil Chapman
Pages 56-69
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From page 56... ...
For the larger advanced nuclear programs, the problems are mainly societal issues associated with achieving sufficient public and political acceptance for specific sites for a national repository. For small countries, however, countries with limited nuclear power programs, or countries with no nuclear power but long-lived wastes from other applications, a national deep geological repository may be ruled out on economic or environmental grounds.
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From page 57... ...
. The MNA report addresses the security and nonproliferation issues in a manner directly applicable to all aspects of the nuclear fuel cycle and suggests five specific approaches for multinational initiatives.
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From page 58... ...
Returning HLW from reprocessed spent fuel reduces proliferation risks by retaining central storage of plutonium, but it increases security concerns. Moreover, accepting returned HLW would compel small countries to seek national deep disposal solutions -- in which case they may as well have retained the fuel for disposal.
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From page 59... ...
SPECIFIC SCENARIOS FOR MULTINATIONAL APPROACHES TO DISPOSAL The add-on scenario is one in which a large nuclear program accepts wastes from smaller ones. There are several conditions that could enhance the probability of an add-on scenario being successfully implemented: • The international community should recognize that any country offering storage or disposal services is potentially a contributor to global safety and security.
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From page 60... ...
program. A dedicated regional repository project team: The project team must cover the same key aspects of repository planning that also affect national repositories.
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From page 61... ...
and the IAEA. Establish a construction and operation company: It may be necessary to reorganize the existing joint venture in order to take account of specific wishes of the host country or countries with respect to legal structures, shared liabilities, funding mechanisms, and so forth.
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From page 62... ...
Approach 1: Reinforcing existing commercial market mechanisms on a case-bycase basis through long-term contracts and transparent suppliers' arrangements with government backing. Examples: commercial fuel banks, fuel leasing, and fuel take-back and commercial offers to store and dispose of spent fuel.
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From page 63... ...
If this success is currently more assured by purely national approaches, then these should continue, but this should not be interpreted as evidence that only national programs can succeed. Approach 4: Creating, through voluntary agreements and contracts, multinational, and in particular regional, MNAs for new facilities based on joint ownership, drawing rights, or co-management for front-end and back-end nuclear facilities, such as uranium enrichment, fuel reprocessing, or disposal and storage of spent fuel (and combinations thereof)
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From page 64... ...
; does taken definite C are also in NOT imply position that the SAPIERR that they have waste disposal Working Group chosen a disposal programs will be (e.g., Lithuania, strategy purely national Austria, Croatia) Groups A and C Undecided Belgium Finland Cyprus Austria United Bulgaria France Denmark Croatia Kingdom Czech Republic Germany Estonia Latvia Hungary Sweden Greece Italy Ireland Lithuania Luxembourg Netherlands Malta Romania Poland Slovakia Portugal Slovenia Switzerland
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From page 65... ...
There should, therefore, be little difficulty in the international community in further supporting broader cooperation on multinational approaches and no obstacles in the way of intensive IAEA involvement.
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From page 66... ...
Box 3 shows a proposal for a second phase of activity under SAPIERR along these lines. In addition to implementing comprehensive multinational disposal projects that closely parallel national projects in their structure, siting strategies, and timescales, the international community could support more specific, limited initiatives, for example, strengthening of ongoing efforts to secure all spent sealed Box 2 Prerequisites to Identification of Potential Host Sites or Countries 1.
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From page 67... ...
However, the biggest, potentially fully international, storage/disposal initiative that could be grasped and developed immediately is that proposed by Russia. A combination of fuel leasing, allowing take-back of Russian-origin fuels, and acceptance of foreign fuels requiring U.S.
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From page 68... ...
If the international community thus wants to make a really useful contribution to global security and safety, this is where it could direct its resources. Specifically, we propose that the IAEA offer to assist Russia to move forward by assembling both the funding and the enormous expertise that exists internationally to develop, in a timely fashion, a state-of-the-art international deep geological repository.
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From page 69... ...
2001. Interim Storage of Spent Nuclear Fuel: A Safe, Flexible, and Cost-Effective Near-Term Approach to Spent Fuel Management.
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