Diet and Health Implications for Reducing Chronic Disease Risk (1989) / Chapter Skim
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8 Protein
8 Protein
Pages 259-272
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From page 259... ...
From the standpoint of nutrition, the human body does not require dietary protein per se. Rather, it requires the nine essential amino acids that are present in dietary proteins.
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From page 260... ...
Because animal protein and saturated fat intake tend to be highly correlated, however, it iS not surprising that animal protein intake is positively correlated with CHD mortality as are intakes of total and saturated fats. This is so whether one compares populations among different countries, within countries, or migrant populations, or whether one examines secular trends (Aravanis and Loannidis, 1984; Berkson and StamIer, 1981; Kritchevsky, 1976; Toshima et al., i984~.
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From page 261... ...
Malhotra (1970) found no association of animal protein intake with blood pressure in a study of two omnivorous populations in India.
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From page 262... ...
Most epidemiologic studies of protein and blood pressure involve comparisons of groups of vegetarians with other populations that include meat and Ash in their diets. These studies consistently reported lower blood pressures among the vegetarians independent of age, weight, and pulse, but it was not possible to determine whether these findings resulted from decreased animal protein intake or from some other dietary components or nondietary factors that differed among the comparison groups (Armstrong et al., 1977; Donaldson, 1926; Ophir et al., 1983; Rouse and Beilin, 1984; Sacks et al., 19741.
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From page 263... ...
In intemational comparisons, large-bowe] cancer incidence and mortality were positively correlated win per-capita total protein, and especially animal protein intake, particularly in developing countries (Armstrong and Doll, 1975; Gregor et al., 1969; Thind, 1986~.
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From page 264... ...
it is not clear whether the general inhibition or the absence of effect on tumorigenesis at very high levels of dietary protein is due to a reduced intake of food and total calories, or whether it is (lue to other adverse effects, e.g., renal toxicity due to high levels of protein (NRC, 19821. However, tumor enhancement by dietary protein occurs only when there is amino acid balance, suggesting that the effect is not due to specific amino acids or to amino acid imbalance (NRC, 1982~.
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From page 265... ...
High intakes of animal protein are hypothesized to lead tO progressive gIomerular sclerosis and deterioration of renal function by promoting sustained increases in renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rates. Although both human and animal studies indicate that a high-protein intake can increase glomerular filtration rate and age-related progression of renal disease, the effect of high dietary protein on the risk of chronic renal disease in humans needs further investiga' tion.
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From page 266... ...
1982. Dietary protein intake and the progressive nature of kidney disease: the role of hemodynamically mediated glomerular injury in the pathogenesis of progressive glomerular sclerosis in aging, renal ablation, and intrinsic renal disease.
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From page 267... ...
1980b. Effects of dietary proteins and amino acid mixtures on plasma cholesterol levels in rabbits.
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From page 268... ...
1979. Effect of level of protein intake on calcium metabolism and on parathyroid and renal function in the adult human male.
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1954. Influence of dietary protein intake on specific renal hlnctions in normal man.
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From page 270... ...
1984. Effect of dietary urea on blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats.
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From page 271... ...
1987. Substitution of mixed amino acids resembling soy protein for mixed amino acids resembling casein in the diet reduces plasma cholesterol in slowly, but not rapidly fed nor fasted baboons.
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