Diet and Health Implications for Reducing Chronic Disease Risk (1989) / Chapter Skim
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26 Dental Caries
26 Dental Caries
Pages 637-648
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From page 637... ...
EVIDENCE ASSOCIATING DETARY FACTORS WITH DENTAL CARIES The relationship of diet to dental caries risk was suspected as early as the fourth century B.C., when Aristotle hypothesized that dental caries was caused by consumption of sweet figs, which stuck tO the tooth (Forster, 1927~. Current evidence from studies in humans and animals indeed indicates that dental caries does not develop in the absence of fermentable carbohydrates in the diet (Brown, 19751.
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From page 638... ...
that caries incidence increases when per-capita sugar consumption exceeds 40 g/day in the absence of fluoride use and 50 gIday when fluoride is used and (2) that the increase in caries incidence reaches a plateau when the per-capita consumption reaches approximately i30 g/day (Lehner, 1980; Newhrun, 1982; Sheiham, 1983, 1984; Sreebny, 1982b)
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From page 639... ...
findings from such studies are Biscuit to generalize to noninstitution 639 alized humans. Furthermore, it is probably not possible to develop a valid cariogenic index for individual foods, since studies of caries incidence comparing groups consuming and not consuming various food items show little effect due to the strong cariogenic challenge from the rest of the diet (McDonald, 1985a)
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From page 640... ...
For example, consumption of optimally fluoridated water has been associated with an almost 50% reduction in caries incidence in children (Burt et al., 1986; Driscoll et al., 1981) as well as a reduced risk of root caries in adults (Anonymous, 1987; Stamm and Banting, 1980~.
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From page 641... ...
, the amount of fluoride ingested from foods and from the supervised use of fluoridated dentifrices is small, and when combined with levels in optimally fluoridated drinking water, is well within the margin of safety defined by the 641 American Dental Association Council on Dental Therapeutics (1984~. The large data base on fluoride indicates that consumption of optimal levels of fluoride substantially reduces caries incidence with little risk of side effects (e.g., dental fluorosis)
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From page 642... ...
For example, although most types of phosphates effectively reduce caries in rats when added to sucrose-containing diets, phosphate supplementation in the human diet has been markedly unsuccessful} in reducing caries incidence (Nize} and Harris, 19641. EVIDENCE ASSOCIATING NONDETARY FACTORS WITH DENTAL CARIES Studies suggest that fermentable carbohydrates in the diet contribute to caries formation but are not sufficient by themselves to cause dental caries.
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From page 643... ...
Saliva can act as a buffer, neutralizing acid by-products of oral microflora found on tooth surfaces and in carious lesions. The high concentrations of calcium and phosphorus and the low levels of fluoride found in saliva may facilitate remineralization of early carious lesions and form caries-resistant surface enamel (Silverstone, 19841.
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From page 644... ...
mutans has been the most consistently and strongly associated. Consumption of fluoride in optimal amounts reduces caries incidence in people of all ages.
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From page 645... ...
1979. Effect on caries incidence in rats of increasing dietary sucrose levels.
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From page 646... ...
1950. Effect of partly synthetic diets on the dental caries incidence in Syrian hamsters.
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From page 647... ...
V Final report can the effect of sucrose, fructose and xylitol diets on the caries incidence in man.
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