Improving NASA's Technology for Space Science (1993) / Chapter Skim
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Improving NASA's Technology for Space Science (Appendix D)
Improving NASA's Technology for Space Science (Appendix D)
Pages 88-102
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From page 88... ...
CHAPTER 4 q NASA should expand the charter of its space technology advisory ACRONYMS committees, charging industry and university members with the BIOGRAPHIES responsibility of helping NASA to plan a technology program that is BIBLIOGRAPHY responsive to the needs of the broader space community and not just APPENDIX A to NASA's in-house needs. APPENDIX B q NASA-DOD cooperation in space R&T should grow.
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From page 89... ...
q Improve the survivability, self-diagnostic, and self-correction capabilities of spacecraft. PIONEERING THE SPACE FRONTIER Three years later, and after the implementation of many of the recommendations of the 1983 ASEB report, the Paine Commission report, Pioneering the Space Frontier, delivered a sweeping vision of the nation's future in space.
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From page 90... ...
ASEB: SPACE TECHNOLOGY TO MEET FUTURE NEEDS After the Paine Commission report, NASA requested the ASEB to revisit its earlier recommendations and to examine them in light of the environment that existed after the National Commission on Space's efforts and in the aftermath of the loss of Challenger. This led to the second ASEB report, Space Technology to Meet Future Needs.
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From page 91... ...
Improving NASA's Technology for Space Science (Appendix D) Table D-4 Recommendations of the ASEB Report, Space Technology to Meet Future Needs q Advanced propulsion q Materials and structures - Advanced Earth-to-orbit engines - Advanced metallic materials - Reusable cryogenic orbital based on alloy synthesis transfer vehicles - "Hot" structures to counter reentry - High-performance orbital heating transfer systems for sending - "Trainable" control systems for humans to Mars large flexible structures - New spacecraft propulsion systems for solar system q Information and control exploration q Humans in space - Autonomous on-board computing systems - High-speed, low-error rate digital - Radiation protection transmission over long distances - Closed-cycle life support - Voice/video communications systems - Spaceborne tracking and data - Improved EVA equipment relay - Autonomous system and - Equipment monitoring technology robotic augmentations for - Ground data handling, storage, humans distribution, and analysis - Human factors research q Advanced sensor technology q Autonomous systems and robotics - Large aperture optical and quasi - Lightweight, limber optical systems manipulators - Detection devices and systems - Advanced sensing and control - Cryogenic systems techniques - In-situ analysis and sample return - Teleoperators - Artificial intelligence and q Supporting technologies advanced information processing systems - Radiation insensitive computational systems q Space power supplies - High-precision attitude sensors and axis transfer systems - 100 Kw nuclear power source LEADERSHIP AND AMERICA'S FUTURE IN SPACE file:///C|/SSB_old_web/nasatechappendd.htm (4 of 16)
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From page 92... ...
. Table D-5 Ride Report Statement of the Technology Requirements for the Mission to Planet Earth This initiative requires advances in technology to enhance observations, to handle and deliver the enormous quantities of data, and to ensure a long operating life.
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From page 93... ...
Table D-7 Ride Report Statement of the Technology Requirements for the Outpost on the Moon This initiative envisions frequent trips to the Moon after the year 2000 -- trips that would require a significant investment in technology and in transportation and orbital facilities in the early 1990s. The critical technologies for this initiative are those which would make human presence on the Moon meaningful and productive.
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Solar and Space Physics The scientific objectives of solar and space physics will require missions to make in situ plasma measurements from near the surface of the Sun to the interstellar medium, remote sensing instruments for imaging, and active experiments for probing regions of the atmosphere and magnetosphere. The missions identified include: q Solar Probe (perihelion distance 4 solar radii)
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q Dust protection techniques for Jupiter Orbiter. q Techniques and systems for active experiments including radar/lidar, dust and gas injectors, tethered satellites, high-power wave and beam injectors.
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q Polarization photometers. Space Biology q The requirements for this subject concern instrumentation for the Space Station, including: plant growth chambers, animal holding facilities, sensimotor experiments, centrifuge, an area of very low gravity (10-6g)
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NASA CENTER SCIENCE ASSESSMENT REPORT In 1986, NASA created a team to assess the state-of-the-science activities in its centers. The team's findings were published in 1988 and are given below.
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From page 98... ...
Technology Planning & Development Technology planning for the long-term, for science missions and applications which are not yet approved programs and whose technical feasibility may not yet have been established, often requires estimates of user needs a decade or more before those programs reach the detailed design phase. The OAST planning process is initiated by systems studies of potential missions to evaluate feasibility and identify enabling technologies needed to ensure system success.
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The situation has been aggravated by reductions in advanced development budgets in OSSA. To alleviate this problem, NASA should provide budget support and flight priority for some flight demonstrations of selected advanced space technology activities.
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Space Program, chaired by Norman Augustine, expressed concerns regarding the state of NASA's technology base and recommended a two- to three-times increase in the space technology budget. Table D-9 gives an excerpt of the report's findings.
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From page 101... ...
Table D-10 lists the principal technological requirements identified by the Synthesis Group. Table D-9 Technology Findings of the Augustine Committee Technology Base Next to talented people and a culture of excellence, the most important underpinning of the civil space program is its technology base.
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From page 102... ...
Table D-10 Technology Recommendations of the Synthesis Group Relating to Planetary Surface Systems Robotic Orbiter and Surface Precursors q Advanced imaging detectors, including improved charge-coupled device arrays and datahandling subsystems q Compact multispectral imaging radar and Lidar for surface and subsurface characteristics q Compact chemical analysis instrumentation, including gamma and x ray spectrometers and imaging spectrometers q Telerobotics and telepresence, including control architectures and supervised telerobotics, data handling, storage and virtual reality techniques q Small spacecraft with gross masses less than 500 kg, including orbital "prospectors" and surface penetrators q Autonomous systems to enhance Mars operation Rover Systems q Efficient regenerative fuel cells (1 Kw-hr/kg) with compact insulated cryogenic storage tanks q Compact, specialized life support systems for short (two- to three-day traverses)
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