International Cooperation for Mars Exploration and Sample Return (1990) / Chapter Skim
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1 Introduction
1 Introduction
Pages 1-4
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The triad of terrestrial planets -- Earth, Mars, and Venus -- has been a major target of investigation by both the United States and the USSR because these three terrestrial planets pose a particularly sharp set of scientific questions and because their proximity makes them attractive targets for investigation. Earth, Mars, and Venus are similar in their sizes, masses, compositions, and locations with respect to the Sun.
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Altogether, the intensive investigation of Mars offers a broad spectrum of important scientific reward, technical challenge, and opportunity. The National Research Council's Space Studies Board has recommended that the next major phase of Mars exploration involve detailed in situ investigations of the surface of Mars and the return to Earth for laboratory analysis of selected martian surface and subsurface samples.
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The committee considered alternatives ranging from scientific missions in which the United States would take a substantial lead, with international cooperation playing only an ancillary role, to missions in which international cooperation would be a basic part of the approach, with the international partners taking on comparably large mission responsibilities. The committee considered the scientific basis of such collaboration and the most mutually beneficial arrangements for constructing missions of separate supporting elements.
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A great many other issues and questions arise that are not dealt with in detail in this report. Many of these issues -- including the pertinent scientific objectives and the detailed strategy of investigating Mars and collecting surface samples -- have been addressed in previous scientific policy reports of the National Research Council 1,8 and in implementation plans of NASA and are not taken up further here.
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