Vulnerability Assessment of Aircraft A Review of the Department of Defense Live Fire Test and Evaluation Program (1993) / Chapter Skim
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2 Evaluation of the Cost, Effectiveness, and Deficiencies of These Methodologies
2 Evaluation of the Cost, Effectiveness, and Deficiencies of These Methodologies
Pages 26-37
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From page 26... ...
of a vulnerability numerical information on the vulnerability of the aircraft to a assessment of an aircraft, whether it is to aid in design or particular weapon for many hits over the entire presented area design validation, satisfy program requirements, support of the aircraft from all aspects, in actual practice, testing subsequent analytical assessments, predict test outcomes, provides information only on the aircraft's vulnerability to satisfy the Live Fire Test law, or support acquisition decisions, hits in relatively few locations,3 and the expenditure of funds the goal of the assessment is to obtain information on the required to obtain this information is relatively large. vulnerability of that aircraft.
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From page 27... ...
of kill. This information can be used to aid in design and component's Pk/h that occurs when the component is hit by design validation, to satisfy program requirements, to support more than one projectile or fragment or is damaged by both subsequent analytical assessments, to predict test outcomes, blast and fragments.
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Despite the deficiencies identified by the aircraft vulnerability assessment community in its analytical models, the community The Joint Technical Coordinating Group on Aircraft has been exemplary in the exchange of data and ideas among Survivability (JTCG/AS) Pk/h Workshop.
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to certify that the weapon system is ready for the live fire test data on kill modes and Pk/h functions as input data on final phase of Initial Operational Test and Evaluation component vulnerability could be accomplished, but the level of (IOT&E)
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Please use the print version of this publication as the authoritative version for attribution. general, the Live Fire Tests on both sub-scale and full-scale All three aid in the design and design validation, support the targets produce information on what actually happened for a analytical models, and support acquisition decisions.
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For example, suppose that a or they may be caused by cascading damage from the impact particular vulnerability event associated with a location to a distant part of the aircraft. For a local effect example, suppose the unanticipated kill mode was an 11 This is the reason that Live Fire Test programs require some random hits and place emphasis on incidents that occur relatively frequently rather than on all unanticipated kill modes.
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during the program is particular vulnerability would most likely not be observed. Figure 2-1 shows the relationship among the probability of 0.892=0.56 occurrence; the probability of observation of 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, Hence, there is a 0.44 probability that one or more of the five kill modes will not be observed.
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The Live from the offline sub-scale tests.17 It is not necessary to load the Fire Tests do not directly provide the numerical data required munitions on the full-scale aircraft in order to determine the to validate the model's predictions; they only provide likelihood of an adverse munition reaction to a hit or a fire. If information on the components that were damaged or killed, a design deficiency with respect to the on-board munitions is the occurrence or non-occurrence of the kill modes, and any discovered and a less vulnerable design can be developed, it cascading damage.
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If one aircraft is tested out of a total aircraft buy Based on projected production system fly-away costs for of 400, and the average aircraft cost over the buy is used, the COMANCHE, a full-up low-rate initial production (LRIP) cost of the Live Fire Tests will be less than 0.3% of the total target that is representative of an operational, combat program cost.
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Law, satisfy program requirements, to support and to support acquisition decisions. subsequent campaign/war game assessments, to predict test outcomes, • The Live Fire Tests that were and to support acquisition decisions.
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Conclusion Advantages and Disadvantages of Analysis/ Modeling and Live Fire Testing The committee concludes that the combination of analytical models, supported by live fire tests on components and Both analysis/modeling and Live Fire Testing have subsystems, and the sub-scale and full-scale Live Fire Tests are advantages and disadvantages or deficiencies relative to one mutually compatible in the vulnerability analysis, another. Furthermore, there are relative advantages and evaluation, and design of aircraft.
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• The cost of sub-scale testing may preclude testing for basic phenomenological data on damage processes and kill modes. community, based on its plans for the Live Fire Tests, seems to References appreciate the need to integrate these approaches, having witnessed the success in using the data from the Live Fire Tests • Institute for Defense Analyses (IDA)
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