Construction Research at NIOSH Reviews of Research Programs of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (2009) / Chapter Skim
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1 Introduction
1 Introduction
Pages 21-31
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From page 21... ...
Construction work ranges from major civil engineering and infrastructure projects (dams, highways, airports) involving a multitude of individual construction firms, to the construction and renovation of residential, commercial, and industrial structures, to routine residential repairs.
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From page 22... ...
The program was formalized in 1990 when Congress allocated specific funds with which it directed NIOSH to develop a comprehensive prevention program focused on health and safety problems affecting construction workers by expanding existing NIOSH activities in the areas of surveillance, research, and intervention. Manganese poisoning is a toxic condition resulting from chronic exposure to manganese, u sually as the result of lead or arc welding.
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From page 23... ...
. STUDY CHARGE AND EVALUATION COMMITTEE In 2004, NIOSH requested that the National Academies conduct evaluation reviews of up to 15 specific NIOSH research programs, including the Construction Research Program, to assess the relevance and impact of its research in reducing workplace injury and illness.
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From page 24... ...
to guide each research program evaluation committee as it reviews materials provided by various NIOSH programs and to provide the rationale for determining final scores for each program's impact and relevance. The Committee to Review the NIOSH Construction Research Program, which authored this report, was structured to include members with expertise in medicine, construction research, performance measurement and management, construction safety, engineering, economics, epidemiology, industrial hygiene, and control tech nology.
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From page 25... ...
Also, the data fail to include the large portion of the construction workforce that is self-employed or employed by firms with fewer than 10 workers. In 2002, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration implemented a number of changes in the definitions of injury and illness cases recorded by employers.
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From page 26... ...
The Heavy and Civil Engineering Construction subsector includes establishments i nvolved in infrastructure projects -- for example, water, sewer, oil, and gas pipe lines; roads and bridges; and power lines. The Specialty Trade Contractors sub sector engages in activities such as plumbing, electrical work, masonry, carpentry, and roofing that are generally needed in the construction of all building types.
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From page 27... ...
. Construction workers across the entire industry are typically younger than the national labor force, although the average age in the industry has been increasing.
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From page 28... ...
To provide context for its evaluation of both the relevance and the impact of the NIOSH Construction Research Program, the committee considered it important not only to include statistical breakdowns that affect relevance but also to describe briefly construction project processes and stakeholders and the segmentation of the industry from the perspective of industry practitioners. This segmentation has implications for the potential impact of the Construction Research Program on construction workplace health and safety.
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From page 29... ...
Some specialty trade workers may have formal training, but many workers, including manual laborers, have only on-the-job experience. In an environment of thousands of small firms and transient workers, gathering data through surveillance and other research techniques or disseminating health- and safety-related information and products is difficult.
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From page 30... ...
The industrial sector delivers projects such as manufacturing plants and oil refineries and accounts for about 25 percent of total construction value put in place annually. The owners of industrial projects, usually large corporations, typi cally build them to produce the products that they market.
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From page 31... ...
1983. More Construction for the Money: Summary Report of the Construction Industry Cost Effectiveness Project.
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