Implementing the Results of the Second Strategic Highway Research Program Saving Lives, Reducing Congestion, Improving Quality of Life - Special Report 296 (2009) / Chapter Skim
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7 Implementation Approach for SHRP 2
7 Implementation Approach for SHRP 2
Pages 117-141
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From page 117... ...
Nonetheless, it is possible to outline an implementation approach for SHRP 2 based on the principles and key strategies set forth in Chapter 6. This approach encompasses a principal implementation agent, application of the key implementation strategies to each of the four SHRP 2 focus areas, and an estimate of the financial resources required for the implementation effort.
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From page 118... ...
This provision is essential to facilitate the conversion of data and information from SHRP 2 research, especially the safety naturalistic driving study, into meaningful improvements in highway safety and performance. • Assess the readiness for implementation of each SHRP 2 product.
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From page 119... ...
Effective administration of the SHRP 2 implementation program will depend on a strong partnership between the principal implementation agent and key stakeholders, including state and local transportation agencies and the academic and private-sector organizations that help these agencies achieve their transportation goals. Strong leadership, coupled with open communication and flexibility to respond to changing circumstances, new opportunities, and unexpected challenges, is critical.
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From page 120... ...
The principal implementation agent will need to have access to IT and knowledge management expertise and technologies. One example of the importance of knowledge management is in the Safety focus area.
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From page 121... ...
key implementation strategies applied to shrp 2 focus areas Chapter 6 outlined a number of key implementation strategies: • Strategic packaging and branding; • Technical assistance; • Standards, specifications, guidebooks, and manuals; • Follow-on research, testing, and evaluation; • Lead users and demonstration projects; • Training and education; and • Long-term stewardship. This section provides an overview of implementation approaches for each of the SHRP 2 focus areas, structured on the basis of these key strategies.
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From page 122... ...
A range of tools, from traditional on-site consultations to web-based assistance, should be used. Standards, Data standards for road- Performance specifica- Incorporation of travel Contributions to specifications, way data; guidelines for tions, materials and time reliability into plan- national travel forecastguidelines, conduct of naturalistic equipment specifica- ning, design, and opera- ing handbook; handand manuals driving studies; input tions, new designs, tions standards and books for ecological and to new safety initiatives design examples, and manuals; standards for economic tools; stan from automobile manu- construction details travel time data; model dards for data needed to facturers; input to safety data-sharing agreements support tools and CDMF initiatives of the Federal
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From page 123... ...
Highway Administration and possible regulatory initiatives of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Follow-on research, Additional analyses using Decision-making tools to Pilot testing of institu- Benefit–cost analyses to testing, and evaluation data from the SHRP 2 aid agencies in the most tional approaches and demonstrate benefits of naturalistic driving study; effective use of prod- technical products; collaborative decision characterization of colli- ucts; research to adapt follow-on work for making; pilot testing of sion load cases by type; generic products to promising results of economic and travel assignment of frequency unique situations; pilot Innovations Deserving modeling tools and cost and harm met- testing of new technolo- Exploratory Analysis and rics to collision load case gies; long-term evalua- future-oriented Reliabil types; prioritization of tions; model validations ity projects; additional research and counter- behavioral research measure needs using data from natural istic driving studies Lead users and Demonstration of site- Demonstration of indi- Demonstration of indi- Demonstration of demonstration based technology; use vidual products and inte- vidual products and CDMF; collaboration projects of advanced roadway grated use of Renewal integrated use of Reli- tools to enable lead data for safety planning; products by lead users; ability products by lead users to assist other development of vehicle- collaboration tools to users; collaboration tools users; demonstration of based technologies for enable lead users to to enable lead users ecological approaches improved driver behav- assist other users to assist other users; iors and performance; deployment incentive field studies to assess programs effectiveness and costs (continued on next page)
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From page 124... ...
table 7-1 (continued) examples of major implementation activities for each implementation strategy in shrp 2 focus areas Implementation Strategy Safety Renewal Reliability Capacity Training and education Workshops, stipends, Workshops for prac- Incident response train- Training in use of CDMF sabbatical opportunities; titioners; material for ing and pursuit of pos- and ecological, eco materials for graduate National Highway Insti- sible certification; train- nomic, and travel mod curricula in highway tute, Local Technical ing in use of planning eling tools; curricula for safety and human fac- Assistance Program, and and design manuals and graduate programs in tors; tools to enable online training; material models; training in use planning researchers to share new for university curricula of data from naturalistic analytical techniques driving studies for travel time reliability efforts Long-term stewardship Stewardship of data from Institutional structure Stewardship of CDMF, the SHRP 2 naturalistic for travel time reliability including oversight com driving study, including data archive mittee; mechanism to oversight committee; add cases to economic availability of data to case-based reasoning researchers in remote tool, including advisory locations body
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From page 125... ...
Certain aspects of knowledge management are highlighted under training and education and long-term stewardship to call attention to specific needs in each of the focus areas. Safety Implementation Approach Naturalistic Driving Study Data The principal product of SHRP 2 Safety research will be data from the naturalistic driving study.
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From page 126... ...
A tiered approach to data access -- with more open access to less sensitive data and more stringent credentialing for access to more sensitive data -- could be considered. An independent oversight group could be charged with ensuring that the scientific objectives and ethical commitments associated with the naturalistic driving study are preserved and promoted in future use of the data.
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From page 127... ...
In addition to traditional classroom and online training courses, training approaches may include short sabbaticals for visiting professors to work at the data resource center, stipends for graduate students who wish to focus their research on naturalistic driving, and the development of curricula and classroom materials for use by professors in university courses on highway safety and human factors. State and local agency highway safety professionals may have limited time for training, and many of them will not be interested in delving into the safety databases directly.
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From page 128... ...
Lead Users and Demonstration Projects A number of field deployments of the system, focused on high-priority safety concerns such as intersection crashes, would promote use of the technology. Any use of a new system, especially in a field setting, will encounter unexpected snags and require adjustments for specific contexts.
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From page 129... ...
The following implementation approaches can be effective in promoting the use of strategic packages of Renewal products. Strategic Packaging and Branding The first implementation strategy for Renewal products should be to package them in such a way that they form and are understood by users to be part of an integrated approach to highway renewal, rather than a series
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From page 130... ...
Lead Users and Demonstration Projects Lead states that will play the role of early adopters must be identified. Renewal technologies, techniques, and strategies can be highlighted in lead states through demonstration projects, which provide an opportunity for stakeholders to see real-world examples of how those technologies, techniques, and strategies work.
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From page 131... ...
Leaders of transportation agencies, technical experts, nontransportation professionals, and researchers will each need different types of information and outreach. In addition to these direct users of SHRP 2 Reliability products, many others may be indirect users or beneficiaries of improved travel time reliability.
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From page 132... ...
The packaging effort might include outlining one or more incremental implementation strategies that can show clear impacts on customer outcomes; such an incremental approach to implementation would be less daunting to many organizations. Special packaging or branding may be needed to attract the attention and support of nontransportation professionals, such as police, firefighters, emergency medical teams, special event managers, and others who are affected by reliability but do not consider highway operations to be their primary concern.
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From page 133... ...
Follow-up research can be conducted to identify the implications of future-oriented concepts developed under the Reliability program and to elicit operations-relevant insights from the driver behavior data collected in the Safety focus area of SHRP 2. Lead Users and Demonstration Projects Deployment incentive programs could be developed for which transportation agencies and their partner organizations could compete.
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From page 134... ...
Long-Term Stewardship Researchers and analysts will want to use data contained in the travel time reliability data archive being developed under the Reliability program. The data archive must have stable ownership and funding.
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From page 135... ...
Lead Users and Demonstration Projects Competitively awarded demonstration projects should be conducted in a small number of states that are willing to act as lead users of CDMF. These projects would involve working with the framework and observing the results and changes in an agency's business processes that may ensue.
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From page 136... ...
Lead Users and Demonstration Projects Lead agencies should be identified that are willing to demonstrate the tools in one or more of the three areas, document the process and its outcomes, and provide peer support for other agencies interested in adopting the demonstrated tools. Training and Education Specific training should be developed in use of the tools in each of the three areas.
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From page 137... ...
These are costs that individual users would find difficult or impossible to bear or that would be handled more effectively in a centralized manner. Table 7-2 provides rough estimates of required federal funding for SHRP 2 implementation over a 6-year period for each key implementation strategy.
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From page 138... ...
The line items in Table 7-2 include the following components: • Administration -- staff for all four focus areas, as well as management and support staff for the program as a whole; communication and marketing; publications; travel, committee support, meetings, and international coordination; knowledge management and information technology; evaluation and performance measurement; • Technical assistance -- one or two contracts per focus area to augment technical expertise at the principal implementation agent's organization;
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From page 139... ...
Costs for the first 6 years of stewardship for the safety database are based on estimates provided by Virginia Tech Transportation Institute and the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) ; these estimates were modified to provide estimates for similar activities in the other focus areas.
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From page 140... ...
Preliminary estimates from NHTSA and Virginia Tech Transportation Institute for basic stewardship of the safety database are in the range of $30 million to $35 million for 6 years.4 These estimates do not include additional analysis, new data reduction, training, or other specialized user support, which are essential to making these data as available and useful as possible. Costs for the long-term stewardship of other SHRP 2 products, such as CDMF and the reliability data archive, should be significantly lower than those estimated for the safety databases.
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From page 141... ...
DOT HS 809 446. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C.
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