Informing the Future Critical Issues in Health, Fifth Edition (2009) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
Advancing Knowledge and Shaping a Research Agenda
Advancing Knowledge and Shaping a Research Agenda
Pages 103-114
The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.
From page 103... ...
Protecting patient priacy while enhancing research The modern electronic world offers many benefits for health care and health research. Using electronic methods for gathering, sharing, and analyzing patient health information can drive medical advances, including the development of new therapies, improved diagnostics, and more effective ways to prevent illness and deliver care.
|
From page 104... ...
The new framework should apply privacy, data security, and accountability standards uniformly to information used in all health-related research in the United States, regardless of who funds or conducts the research. To aid in advancing research while protecting privacy, the new framework should facilitate the use of health data in which personally identifiable information is removed and provide legal sanctions against unauthorized reidentification of individuals.
|
From page 105... ...
presents a coordinated set of steps for improving the design, monitoring, and analysis of late-stage clinical trials of various types of interventions, excluding vaccines. In sum, the report concludes that alternative trial designs, more extensive site preparation, and careful monitoring and analysis of trial results are critical in evaluating prevention interventions and determining which of them can exert the greatest possible long-term impact on the HIV epidemic.
|
From page 106... ...
is one of the key agencies charged with protecting the well-being of millions of workers nationwide who face potential dangers on their jobs. As part of its effort to establish and evaluate performance measures for each of its research programs, NIOSH requested that the National Research Council and the IOM review the performance of a number of its research programs and suggest emerging issues that should be studied in order to achieve future improvements in worker protection.
|
From page 107... ...
The report offers nine recommendations to help NIOSH build on its success. Among them, the agency should work with other federal agencies that support injury prevention and control research to outline fruitful areas of collaboration; develop a strategic plan for evaluating its research-to-practice efforts and for building the capacity to carry out these efforts; and expand research on the safety impacts of changes in the nature of work and on interventions intended to improve organization policies and practices.
|
From page 108... ...
Reduce worker injuries and deaths caused by paper balers 4.3. Reduce injuries and deaths caused by machines through the conduct of fatality investigations and the dissemination of prevention strategies .
|
From page 109... ...
Such equipment includes respirators worn by construction workers and miners to protect against exposure to silica, dust, and hazardous gases; protective clothing, respirators, and gloves worn by firefighters and mine rescue workers to avoid burns and smoke inhalation; and respirators and protective clothing worn by health care workers to prevent acquiring an infectious disease. The report finds that overall, the research program made meaningful contributions to improving worker health and safety, correctly focused on areas of highest priority, and incorporated efforts to translate research results into products and processes that have proved useful in the workplace.
|
From page 110... ...
Strategic goal : reduce exposure to Dermal Hazards Objective 1. Improve chemical-barrier protective clothing test ing and use practices to reduce worker exposure to chemical dermal hazards.
|
From page 111... ...
Review of NASA's Human Research Program Evidence Books: A Letter Report (2008) concludes that the agency has developed a thorough and well-conceived framework for documenting the evidence base, establishing research priorities, and integrating research findings into occupational health and safety measures for the space crew.
|
From page 112... ...
understanding the brain Neuroscience has made phenomenal advances over the past 50 years, and the pace of discovery continues to accelerate. Such prospects led the IOM's Forum on Neuroscience and Nervous Systems Disorders to convene a workshop in which participants from diverse fields would examine emerging insights and, as an ultimate goal, excite both the scientific community and the public about the richness of knowledge that neuroscience is providing.
|
From page 113... ...
Whereas previously, genetic testing could only screen for rare genetic disorders, increasingly, patients and their physicians now are able to use genetic information to predict the risk of common diseases such as diabetes and breast cancer and to help determine prevention and treatment options. Genetic specialists have long been the main providers of genetic services, offering intensive counseling for rare genetic disorders.
|
From page 114... ...
4. from genetic testing largely being undertaken for rare genetic disorders to, increasingly, individuals being screened for common diseases, providers need to be knowledgeable about and comfortable using genetic information to improve their patients' health.
|
Key Terms
This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More
information on Chapter Skim is available.