Informing the Future Critical Issues in Health, Fifth Edition (2009) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
Meeting the Unique Health Needs of Women and Children
Meeting the Unique Health Needs of Women and Children
Pages 17-32
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From page 17... ...
Improing women's health during pregnancy One question the IOM recently revisited is how much weight a pregnant woman should gain to protect both her health and the health of the developing fetus. Two decades ago, the IOM recommended guidelines, since
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Among its core findings, the report says that women should have a normal body mass index (a measure of body fat based on weight and New recommendations for Total and rate of Weight gain During Pregnancy, by Prepregnancy Body Mass Index (BMI) Rates of Weight Gain*
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Such changes may The report calls on federal agencies, carry added health risks. private voluntary organizations, and medical and public health organizations to adopt the new guidelines and publicize them to their members and to women of childbearing age.
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The strategic plan must reflect the original mission of the Title X program and an understanding of its target population; incorporate lessons gained from the field of family planning and reproductive health; provide a vision for coordination, leadership, and evaluation; address the family planning needs of individuals over the full reproductive lifespan; and be firmly grounded in high-quality evidence. reducing depression's grip on parents and children Depression affects millions of U.S.
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The three leading causes of death in adolescents -- motor vehicle crashes, homicide, and suicide -- all are tied to risky and unhealthful behaviors. As well, adolescence The system should foster is a critical period for developing positive coordination between primary habits and skills that create a strong foun- and specialty care, and it dation for healthful lifestyles and behavior should enable primary care over the full lifespan.
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Among specific steps, federal and state agencies, private foundations, and insurers should work together to develop a care system that improves services for all ado 70 Adolescent Population (Millions) 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 2000 2030 2040 2050 2020 1990 1980 2010 Year Growth in the adolescent population, aged 10 to 19, 1980–2006 and 2006–2050 (projected)
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From page 23... ...
Finally, the more than 5 million medically uninsured adolescents indicate a clear need for federal and state policy makers to develop strategies to ensure that all adolescents have comprehensive, continuous health insurance coverage. Improing mental, emotional, and behaioral health among young people Among the most dangerous risks to the health and well-being of young people are depression, conduct disorder, substance abuse, and similar disorders.
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• Preventing specific disorders, such as anxiety or depression, by screen ing individuals at risk and offering cognitive training or other pre ventive interventions. • Promoting mental health in schools by offering support to children encountering serious stresses; modifying the school environment to promote healthful social behavior; developing students' skills at decision making, self-awareness, and conducting relationships; and targeting violence, aggressive behavior, and substance use.
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4.3 1.4 2.1 8.9 NOTE: The prevalence estimates from each study were transformed to logit scale and their standard errors computed using the available information about the sample size and prevalences. Using weights inversely proportional to estimated variances, weighted linear regression models were fit in SAS, using PROC GENMOD with study as a fixed effect (class variable)
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Adequately funded state and local systems should craft partnerships among families, schools, courts, health care providers, and local programs to create coordinated approaches that support healthy development. Public and private organizations also should increase efforts to beef up the professional workforce by fostering development of training programs and prevention standards across disciplines, including health, education, and social work.
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The report calls for future research to improve the quality and suitability of developmental assessment across a wide array of purposes. For example, some assessment measures have been tested only with populations that do not represent the diversity of children enrolled in today's early childhood programs.
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51. Alternate Fig 3-1, from downloaded source, editable vectors Critiquing a national child health study research plan As important as it is to evaluate children's developmental programs, it is similarly important to monitor the impact of a child's environment on his or her health.
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But how should the study be done? At the request of NICHD, the National Research Council and the IOM studied the proposed research plan to assess its scientific rigor and the extent to which the NCS is being carried out with methods, measures, and collection of data and specimens to maximize scientific yields.
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develop the capacities that allow them to interact successfully with their biological, physical, and social environments. This definition draws upon an explanation from the World Health Organization that health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infir mity; a collaborative effort of the European Union Health Monitor ing Programme to develop the Child Health Indicators of Life and Development model; the positive health principles embraced by the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion (1986)
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45. terms of identifying subjects, enlisting their enrollment and continued participation, administering the large number of survey and clinical instruments, and managing huge databases generated by disparate organizations.
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Some of the decisions -- for example, regarding transmitting information about fetal defects encountered through ultrasounds -- urgently need to be made.
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