An Assessment of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Electronics and Electrical Engineering Laboratory Fiscal Year 2009 (2009) / Chapter Skim
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3 Assessment of the Divisions
3 Assessment of the Divisions
Pages 9-27
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From page 9... ...
Laser Radiometry Project The technical merit of the Laser Radiometry project continues to be the best in its field, among other national metrology institutes (NMIs) internationally, and has been engaged in international comparisons of laser power with Germany, Great Britain, Japan, Mexico, Russia, and Switzerland.
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From page 10... ...
The project team is developing test methods, including linear optic sampling, that are very useful for the characterization of components for advanced modulation methods. These advanced modulation methods, including phase modulation and polarization multiplexing, are being used for 40 and 100 Gb/s communications system development.
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From page 11... ...
More outreach and discussion between NIST scientists and other agencies are needed to flesh out all of the applications. Terahertz Technology Project One goal of the Terahertz Technology project is to develop methods for calibrating optical power in the millimeter-wave to terahertz frequency range.
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From page 12... ...
Increasing the speed of the TES detectors and increasing the efficiency of the SSPDs are obviously major goals, as is improving the system robustness to facilitate the adoption of the technology by outside entities. The detectors based on semiconductor quantum dots could eventually have a large impact (given the need to have fully integrated systems)
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From page 13... ...
The state of the art of pulse measurement is usually nonlinear optical methods, such as frequency-resolved optical gating. Nonlinear optical methods can be limited in their utility by weak optical signals or an inability to achieve high resolution over long time periods.
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From page 14... ...
The budget and staffing for this area both appear to be adequate. Some of the important work of the MicroNano Technology project includes the development of three ASTM International and three SEMI (Semiconductor Equipment and Materials International)
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Nanobiotechnology Project The metrology involved in the Nanobiotechnology project is enabled by the use of biological nanopores, using high-input impedance electrical measurement tools to characterize the direct current (dc) and alternating current (ac)
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Power Devices and Thermal Metrology Project The emphasis for the Power Devices and Thermal Metrology project is to develop electrical and thermal management methods and equipment in support of the development of advanced power semiconductor devices and integrated circuits (ICs)
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Nanoelectronic Device Metrology Project The Nanoelectronic Device Metrology project seeks to create test structures and associated measurement methodologies for specific target technologies: electronics based on semiconductor nanowires and confined-Si (the logical extension of silicon complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor, Si-CMOS) ; molecular electronics; organic spintronics; memristors; and selected carbon-based electronics.
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From page 18... ...
The three groups in this division, which are the Quantum Devices group in Boulder and the Gaithersburg groups in Fundamental Electrical Measurements and Applied Electrical Metrology, provide the following technologies and services: quantumbased standards in the area of dc and ac voltage, power, and resistance; quantum sensors with ultrahigh energy resolution; quantum information devices for the realization of quantum networks, as well as quantum measurements; advanced materials research that 18
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From page 19... ...
Quantum Voltage Project As one of the leaders in the use of Josephson voltage standards for purposes of electrical metrology, the Quantum Voltage project is now close to demonstrating a 10 V programmable standard that would significantly simplify many calibration procedures worldwide by allowing more direct comparisons. The project team is also the leader in generating state-of-the-art waveforms with amplitudes of 275 mV at up to a few hundred kilohertz.
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From page 20... ...
. Quantum Sensors Project The Quantum Sensors project team continues to produce leading sensors, primarily based on superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs)
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From page 21... ...
Quantum Fabrication Facility Project The Quantum Fabrication Facility project maintains the Boulder clean room and its extraordinary capability for the fabrication of integrated Josephson-junction circuits. The pressure on the Boulder fabrication facility will be reduced by the new fabrication facility under construction and enabled by stimulus funds from the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009.
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From page 22... ...
. Project staff is also working with the Quantum Voltage project team in Boulder in the development of a 10 V programmable Josephson voltage standard (PJVS)
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From page 23... ...
The work of this project has significant impact on industry, and the project staff is also closely involved with the new Smart Grid effort. Smart Grid Interoperability Standards Development Project Unlike the other projects of the Quantum Electrical Metrology Division, the Smart Grid Interoperability Standards Development project is not technical in nature, but instead leverages NIST's position as a neutral and objective source of technical information to play a role in developing a new set of standards and performance testing.
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From page 24... ...
It is noted that the continuity in the specialized skills is maintained by overlap between the long-term members and the young members of the team. The volume Experimental Techniques for Low Temperature Measurements referenced above, written by a recently retired staff member, presents a model for outreach and transfer of information.
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From page 25... ...
Wireless Systems Project The wireless industry has welcomed the development, standardization, and popularization of reverberation chambers for EMC use, as the chambers enable easy, compact, and inexpensive measurements. The reverberation chamber provides a repeatable multipath simulation environment for wireless device testing.
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From page 26... ...
Advanced Materials Metrology Project Five tasks of the Advanced Materials Metrology project were briefed to the panel during the review. The basic thrust of these tasks is to support the electronics industry through classical measurements of substrates and printed-circuit-board materials and to apply this knowledge to such areas as homeland security and bioscience.
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From page 27... ...
The stated objectives of the project are broad and generally amount to maintaining and expanding NIST's ability to support industry and other government agencies. The project team appears to be making adequate progress toward these goals.
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