Skip to main content

Growing Innovation Clusters for American Prosperity Summary of a Symposium (2011) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:

OPENING REMARKS--Susan Crawford
Pages 35-38

The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.


From page 35...
... "It's all extraordinarily difficult, the idea of providing targeted strategic funding that leads to a sustainable effort." A Cluster Can Begin with "Something Successful on the Ground" She said that an effective cluster "seems to require the preexistence of something successful on the ground that needs to be encouraged." She continued with the gardening metaphor, saying that the green shoots from a great university might need some fertilizing, and perhaps some trellis structure if they are to find productive uses. Like a living process, innovation has significant features that must be supported: it is always 35
Read the entire page →
From page 36...
... "We've seen that the success of Silicon Valley has a lot to do with the easy flow of information and people between and among firms. Cooperative attitudes can allow these informal networks to emerge." The cooperation among firms and universities creates knowledge spillover, which is essential to economic engines.
Read the entire page →
From page 37...
... Clusters focusing on those areas would be more likely to find support in federal agencies, as would clusters helping to lower the costs of health care and increasing access to improved educational resources for both young people and adults. What outcomes in cluster policy, she asked, should be desirable in helping to achieve these and other objectives?
Read the entire page →
From page 38...
... "One of our challenges," he said, "is to think about the timing of the university's role. NIH funding started in a significant way in 1950, but biotech did not grow significantly until 25 years after that.
Read the entire page →

Key Terms

  • silicon valley
  • clean energy
  • regional economic
  • national economic
  • crawford replied

  • economic council
  • clusters helping
  • gain efficiency
  • energy policy
  • bilateral discussions

  • successful clusters
  • extraordinarily difficult
  • gardening metaphors
  • innovation agenda
  • targeting efforts

  • purposeful people
  • jane siegel
  • proposed selecting
  • house assistance
  • commerce secretary

  • help clusters
  • international trade
  • carbon footprint
  • targeted strategic
  • grow significantly

  • little help
  • business administration
  • scott sklar
  • develop clean
  • agriculture agencies


    • This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
    More information on Chapter Skim is available.