Review of the Research Program of the FreedomCAR and Fuel Partnership Third Report (2010) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix B: Committee's Interim Letter Report
Appendix B: Committee's Interim Letter Report
Pages 167-190
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Appendix B Committee's Interim Letter Report
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From page 168... ...
However, it also emphasizes the need for continued investment in longer-term, higher-risk, higher-payoff vehicle technologies that could be highly transformational with regard to reduced use of petroleum and reduced emissions. Such technologies include advanced batteries, technologies for hydrogen storage, and hydrogen/fuel cells.
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/battery-electric vehicles (BEVs) , and hydrogen-fueled fuel cell vehicles.
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concluded that hydrogen-fueled fuel cell vehicles offer greater long-term potential for reducing U.S. dependence on imported petroleum and reducing carbon emissions significantly by 2050 than would relying only on fuel economy improvements (e.g., through engine efficiency improvements)
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• Implement an economy-wide, cap-and-trade program to reduce green house gas emissions by 80 percent by 2050. energy to secure america's Future: President's National objectives for doe • Quickly implement the economic recovery package -- Create millions of new Green jobs and lay the foundation for the future.
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From page 172... ...
For the Partnership, the net effect will be determined partially by the DOE's FY2010 budget request (Chu, 2009) that "cuts less effective programs so we can invest in our economic future." One of the examples mentioned by Secretary Chu is "moving away from funding vehicular hydrogen fuel cells to technologies with more immediate promise." This approach is indeed reflected in the DOE FY2010 budget request to Congress for $0 for hydrogen technologies as compared to $168,960,000 for FY2009 (DOE, 2009b)
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From page 173... ...
Further, even though demonstration hydrogen/fuel cell vehicles are showing safe operation at ever-increasing driving ranges with compressed hydrogen gas storage, the existing DOE hydrogen storage centers of excellence, in the committee's view, are likely to provide the best opportunity for finding better solutions, if they exist. An in-depth evaluation of the hydrogen/fuel cell option will be part of the current review and the committee's final report.
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From page 174... ...
It also suggests that lower-cost energy storage technolo gies, including other battery chemistries, advanced materials for electrochemical capacitors, and combinations of the two, be pursued for both PHEV and BEV applications. In the PNGV many forms of energy storage and conversion technologies such as flywheels, fuel cells, and ultracapacitors, in addition to a range of batteries, were considered in an effort to meet the miles per gallon (mpg)
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Very high fuel prices caused a rapid ramp-up in consumers' preference for fuel efficient vehicles and in their willingness to pay a premium for vehicles with high fuel economy. This preference for fuel efficient vehicles was quickly followed by a decrease in this unique demand as fuel prices came down.
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industry might, at least in the near term, be unable to continue developing long-term solutions like hydrogen/fuel cell vehicles. The accumu lated experience and expertise could be lost as researchers disperse, leaving the Partnership with the more challenging task of developing fuel-cell and other long-term advanced technology options without automobile industry collabora tion.
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As is noted in Conclusion 1 of a recent NRC (2008b) report, "A portfolio of technologies including hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, improved efficiency of conventional vehicles, hybrids, and
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• Incorporating the broader scope of a "cradle-to-grave" analysis rather than a "well-to-wheels" approach in program planning from production to recycle to better consider total energy consumption, total emissions, and total environmental impact.6 • Emphasizing R&D to support development of nearer-term technologies (such as advanced ICEs, and better batteries for HEVs and PHEVs) and long-term technologies (such as cellulosic-based and other non-food crop biofuels/ICEs, hydrogen/fuel cell vehicles, and all-electric vehicles)
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It is the committee's view that it is a critical to understand and address the barriers, costs, and environmental impacts not only of hydrogen but also of other potential energy carriers and fuels as well. • Finally, the Partnership should consider broadening the scope of the technical approaches being considered within each of the three major fuel and vehicle technology pathways (biofuels/ICEs, PHEVs/BEVs, and hydrogen/fuel cell vehicles)
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High-priority areas for vehicle systems and compo nents in which proprietary competitive advantage could be gained, which the committee suggests be actively pursued, include both component technology advancements and advanced manufacturing processes for: • Lithium-ion and other promising batteries, • Power electronics, including packaging, and • Advanced ICEs. In addition the committee also suggests continuing similar efforts on longterm technologies including: • Fuel cell and stack components, and • Vehicle onboard hydrogen storage.
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. • As the Partnership moves toward possible commercialization decisions for a technology, consider allocating more funding to private sector companies to seed development of a robust, strong supply base in these developing advanced technologies.
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2004a. hydrogen, Fuel Cells and infrastructure: Multi-Year Research, Deelopment and Demonstration Plan.
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, consultant, Ford Motor Company (retired) ; Robert W
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RHOADS STEPHENSON, Caltech/Jet Propulsion Laboratory (retired) , La Cañada, California KATHLEEN TAYLOR, NAE, Director, Materials and Processes Laboratory, General Motors Corporation (retired)
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(5) Examine and comment on the Partnership's strategy for accomplishing its goals, especially in the context of ongoing developments in biofuels, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, electric vehicles, the recent enactment of legislation on corporate average fuel economy standards for light-duty vehicles, and possible legislation on carbon emissions.
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• Do targets and milestones need to be changed? Automotive Industry Partners' Views on Progress, Strategy, Future Outlook, and Structure of Program William Peirce, General Motors Corporation; Reginald Modlin, Chrylser LLC; and John Sakioka, Ford Motor Company
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During the 1990s, much of this R&D was conducted as part of the Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles (PNGV) program, which was formed between the federal government and the auto industry's USCAR.10 Building on the PNGV program, 10USCAR, which predated the formation of PNGV, was established by Chrysler Corporation, Ford Motor Company, and General Motors Corporation.
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improved energy efficiency, and (4) the hydrogen production and nationwide distribution infrastructure needed for vehicle and stationary power plants, to fuel both hydrogen ICEs and fuel cells (DOE, 2004a)
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and mobility technologies necessary to move forward, and to address the technical challenges associated with the different fuel/vehicle technology pathways, the Partnership has established a technical roadmap with specific, quantitative 2010 and 2015 technology and cost goals in eight areas: • Internal combustion engines (both petroleum and hydrogen fueled) , • Fuel cell power systems, • Fuel cells, • Hydrogen storage systems, • Energy storage systems for hybrid vehicles, • Hydrogen production and delivery systems, • Electric propulsion systems, and • Materials for lightweight vehicles.
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