Research Training in the Biomedical, Behavioral, and Clinical Research Sciences (2011) / Chapter Skim
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4 Behavioral and Social Sciences Research
4 Behavioral and Social Sciences Research
Pages 51-66
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From page 51... ...
There exist many examples of seen a tremendous leap in the sophistication of methods and how basic behavioral and social sciences research has already tools in these sciences, leading to significant contributions increased knowledge about health and illness, including: regarding health behavior and contexts, as well as a realistic (a) animal learning research has contributed to empirically expectation that even more useful and effective answers to validated behavioral treatments of various mental disorders, fundamental health questions will result from an investment from phobias to addictions; (b)
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From page 52... ...
Collectie Responsibility; Educating Children with Autism; When these far reaching health implications of behavioral, Informing America's Policy on Illegal Drugs: What We Don't social, and economic factors are added to the more direct Know Keeps Hurting Us; Preenting Reading Difficulties in implications of research for mental illnesses such as depres Young Children; Protecting Youth at Work: Health, Safety, sion, schizophrenia, and various neurological illnesses, it is and Deelopment of Working Children and Adolescents in no surprise that the research demand in the behavioral and the United States; WorkRelated Musculoskeletal Disorders: social sciences has grown rapidly in recent years. A Reiew of the Eidence; Understanding Risk: Informing Decisions in a Democratic Society; Understanding Violence The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
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From page 53... ...
and those who are involved in This factor complicates the analysis, because people trained clinical practice. In studying the research training needs outside the social and behavioral science may be conducting in the behavioral sciences, the workforce is defined as Ph.D.s research in this area.
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From page 54... ...
They also show the number of doctoral degrees awarded in the behavioral that the ratio of female to male doctoral students was 2 to 1, sciences remained remarkably steady over much of the and in particular, was not as reported above. next 30 years (Figure 4-4)
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From page 55... ...
Washington, DC: NSF. 4-3.eps TABLE 4-2 Financial Support of Students in the Behavioral and Social Sciences in 2006 as Reported in the ResearchDoctorate Study Fellowship or Teaching Research Less Than Field Traineeship Assistant Assistant Combination Full Support Unfunded Total Anthropology 807 921 241 1087 379 1005 4440 Psychology 2236 3341 2055 3718 775 1739 13864 Sociology 761 1458 648 1186 418 807 5278 Total 3804 5720 2944 5991 1572 3551 23582 SOURCE: NRC.
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From page 56... ...
Washington, DC: NSF. 4-4.eps TABLE 4-3 Average Median Time to Degree for the the increased participation in postdoctoral training by indiDoctorates 2004 to 2006 in the Behavioral and Social viduals with degrees in clinical psychology (Figure 4-5)
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From page 57... ...
Washington, DC: NSF. 4-6.eps The pattern of increasing numbers of Ph.D.s in the Postdoctoral appointments biomedical sciences going to researchers with temporary Figure 4-7 shows the number of postdoctoral appointresident status is not apparent in the behavioral and social ments by employment sector in the period 1973-2008; all sciences.
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From page 58... ...
in postdoctoral positions are approximately the same. Because the fraction of temporary resident Ph.D.s in the behavioral and social sciences is generally less than the frac emPloymeNt treNdS tion in the biomedical sciences, there are proportionally more citizens and permanent residents in postdoctoral positions in The behavioral and social sciences workforce has grown the behavioral and social sciences.
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From page 59... ...
BEHAVIORAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCES RESEARCH 60,000 50,0 00 Females Males 40,0 00 Number 30,0 00 20,0 00 10,000 0 1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2006 Year FIGURE 4-8 Distribution of behavioral and social scientists in the workforce by gender.
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From page 60... ...
ences increased by more than 50 percent from 1973 to 2001, In 1985, the age distribution for the workforce, exclud after which there has been a slow decline. However, much of ing postdoctoral appointees, was similar for the behavioral the growth has been in non-tenure positions and in "other" and the biomedical sciences, but by 2006, the median age in academic categories, and by 1999 these categories reprethe behavioral and social science workforce was 2.5 years sented about a third of the academic staff.
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From page 61... ...
Over time, however, this should change as Since NIH has historically tended to focus on research more women in tenure-track positions receive tenure. that relates to the physical structure of the body and hence to The number of underrepresented minorities in the behav- fields in the biomedical and clinical sciences, the behavioral ioral and social sciences workforce has increased dramati- and social sciences have received less research and training cally in the past several decades, from 520 in 1975 to 8,960 support.
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From page 62... ...
Washington, DC: NSF. 4-12.eps 70 60 50 Percentage of All Faculty 40 30 20 10 Non-Tenure-Track Faculty Tenured Tenure Track - Other Academics 0 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2006 Year FIGURE 4-13 Female faculty positions in the behavioral and social sciences.
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From page 63... ...
to foster interdisciplin- general postdoctoral support from NIH, but the picture for arity by bringing together the biomedical, behavioral, and postdoctoral training support from all federal sources shows social sciences communities to work collaboratively to a growth in research grant support and a decline in trainee solve complex pressing health challenges. OBSSR is leading and fellowship support until 1990, with essentially constant efforts in: biopsychosocial interactions, community-based support thereafter.
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From page 64... ...
2008. Surey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering.
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From page 65... ...
Unfortunately Also, in recommending linking the number of NRSA posi- this fellowship is not awarded by all NIH institutes, which tions to extramural research funding, the committee realizes restricts its overall value. that a decline in extramural research would also call for a decline in training.
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