Research Training in the Biomedical, Behavioral, and Clinical Research Sciences (2011) / Chapter Skim
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5 Clinical Sciences Research
5 Clinical Sciences Research
Pages 67-80
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From page 67... ...
The most expansive definition of clinical obstacles thereto, or it may describe studies of the clinical research is that agreed upon in 1998 at the Graylyn Clinical effectiveness or cost effectiveness of new knowledge applied Research Consensus Development Conference, organized by in clinical practice across very large and diverse populathe Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) , the tions.
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From page 68... ...
Despite the promises of inclines many physicians in training to forgo clinical research a more rational and equitable health care marketplace envi- careers for the more likely rewards of clinical practice, and sioned in the Health Care Reform Act, health care costs have finally, (d) the still uncertain status of the full spectrum of been rising steadily for decades and consuming an increasing clinical research within the culture of the academic health fraction of the nation's gross domestic product.
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From page 69... ...
investigators in the several health research professions As of July 2010, 55 CTSAs had been funded in uni- as well as Ph.D.s in the diverse areas of knowledge that versities and academic health centers across the country, are encompassed in the expansive definition of "clinical creating local, regional, and national systems to increase research." Building this workforce will require enhanced the efficiency and productivity of clinical and translational support across the clinical research disciplines and will research and to develop ways to reduce the time it takes for especially require supporting clinician-scientists, who must clinical research to become available for use in treatments be accomplished in both their clinical and their scientific for patients. The NIH intends that there will be 60 centers disciplines.
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From page 70... ...
from the basic biomedical sciences who are cially, from self funding. The sources of external support pursuing careers in clinical departments of medical schools have also changed over time with NIH support growing from and at major teaching hospitals.
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From page 71... ...
5-1.eps 25,00 0 Female Male 20,0 00 Number of Graduate Students 15,000 10,000 5,000 0 2000 2006 2004 2005 2008 2002 2003 2007 2001 1990 1996 1980 1984 1986 1988 1998 1999 1983 1985 1994 1995 1989 1992 1982 1993 1987 1997 1991 1979 1981 Year FIGURE 5-2 Full-time graduate enrollment in the clinical sciences.
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From page 72... ...
Department of Defense Other Federal Non-Federal (Self-suppor t not included) 12,0 00 Number of Full-Time Graduate Students 10,000 8,000 6,00 0 4,0 00 2,000 0 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Year FIGURE 5-4 Sources of internal and external support of full-time graduate students in the clinical sciences.
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From page 73... ...
. PoStdoCtoral felloWS the CliNiCial reSearCh WorkforCe Among Ph.D.s in the three fields, reviewed in this report, It is extremely difficulty to determine the number of those in the clinical sciences are the least likely to have individuals contributing to the clinical research workforce postdoctoral training, because less than 20 percent have from the available data.
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From page 74... ...
Washington, DC: NSF. 5-5.eps 16,0 00 Fellowships Traineeships Research Grants Non-Federal Sources 14,0 00 Number of Suppor ted Postdoctorates 12,0 00 10,000 8,000 6,00 0 4,0 00 2,000 0 2000 2006 2004 2005 2008 2002 2003 2007 2001 1990 1996 1980 1984 1986 1988 1998 1999 1983 1985 1994 1995 1989 1992 1982 1993 1987 1997 1991 1979 1981 Year FIGURE 5-6 Academic postdoctoral support in the clinical sciences, 1979-2008.
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From page 75... ...
degrees getting their training in clinical departments. Thus the overall workforce is composed of approximately Table F-5 also shows that minorities only represented 12,000 graduate students, 5,000 postdoctoral fellows, some 8.6 percent of the clinical research population in 2006, 23,000 Ph.D.s beyond the postdoctoral stage, a number of even though their numbers grew from about 100 in 1973 to M.D.s that is poorly defined but probably not more than a little more than 1,100 in 2006.
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From page 76... ...
Washington, DC: NSF. 5-7.eps 16,0 00 Tenured Faculty 14,0 00 Tenure-Track Faculty Non-Tenure-Track Faculty Postdocs 12,0 00 Other Academics 10,000 Number 8,000 6,00 0 4,000 2,000 0 1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2006 Year FIGURE 5-8 Academic appointments in the clinical sciences, 1973-2006.
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From page 77... ...
SOURCE: AAMC. Association of American Medical Colleges Faculty Roster, 00.
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From page 78... ...
SOURCE: AAMC. Association of American Medical Colleges Faculty Roster, 00.
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From page 79... ...
program was focused on care professionals seeking clinical research training. The basic research, and this attracted them to a research career NIH currently, has three dual-degree training programs: in the biomedical sciences.
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From page 80... ...
Toward this end, the recent adoption by the ACME Recommendation 5–2: The NIH, in consultation with and the ACGME of recommendations from the AAMC's academic medical leadership, should exercise leadership Task Force II on Translational and Clinical Research, viz., in identifying better training mechanisms for attracting that medical students and residents should be exposed to the medical students into translational and clinical research, basic principles of translational and clinical research and to the and the NIH should fund pilot programs designed to research challenges and opportunities therein, may over time implement promising new approaches to accomplishing increase the population of medical graduates with a keen inter that objective. est in pursuing clinical research careers.
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