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Blue Water Navy Vietnam Veterans and Agent Orange Exposure (2011) / Chapter Skim
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APPENDIX: CODISTILLATION DURING POTABLE WATER TREATMENT: ANALYSIS OF THE AUSTRALIAN STUDY
Pages 135-142

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From page 135...
... During thermal distillation, a saline solution is heated to generate water vapor, which is then directed to a cool surface, where it can be condensed to liquid water that will contain little salt. Although water boils at 100 C at atmospheric pressure, thermal distillation can be designed to boil water at lower temperatures and at low pressures.
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From page 136...
... Few or no data exist to verify the contaminant load in the potable water onboard Navy ships; if there is a need to understand the concentration of contaminants in potable water, experiments or models would have to be used to reconstruct the distillation process and offer some clarity. AUSTRALIAN STUDY In 2002, researchers at the National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology (NRCET)
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From page 137...
... Therefore, an independent analysis was conducted in order to determine the likelihood of codistillation of TCDD; this analysis was conducted using a theoretical model. BATCH DISTILLATION MODELING TO SIMULATE THE AUSTRALIAN STUDY EXPERIMENTAL DATA The committee considered an equilibrium vaporization process in which the entire feed liquid is charged to the still pot and heat is added continuously.
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From page 138...
... For equilibrium separation processes involving a vapor–liquid system, it is common to use an inherent separation factor termed the relative volatility, which for a binary mixture is defined as yi / xi Ki ij yj / xj Kj (2)
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From page 139...
... By using Equation 2, the relative volatility, DW, can be expressed as the ratio of the distribution coefficients of dioxin and water between the liquid and vapor phases: y D / xD KD DW yW / xW KW (8)
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From page 140...
... Thus, in the batch distillation process used in the NRCET study (Muller, 2002) , a concentration of 40 ng TCDD/L in 1 L feed water would result in all 40 ng TCDD being distilled into the 0.1 L of product water, assuming 10% of the feed water is distilled.
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From page 141...
... personnel to polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans via drinking water. A report to: The Department of Veteran Affairs, Australia.
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Key Terms

  • feed water
  • product water
  • batch distillation
  • mole fraction
  • water navy

  • blue water
  • nrcet study
  • henry constant
  • agent orange
  • marine water

  • distilled water
  • water spiked
  • relative volatility
  • liquid phases
  • australian study

  • mole fractions
  • polychlorinated dibenzodioxins
  • polychlorinated dibenzofurans
  • royal australian
  • msf distillation

  • binary mixture
  • vapor phase
  • distribution coefficients
  • australian navy
  • thermal distillation

  • potential exposure
  • distillation process
  • gas constant
  • navy ships
  • distillation units


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