Structural Integrity of Offshore Wind Turbines Oversight of Design, Fabrication, and Installation - Special Report 305 (2011) / Chapter Skim
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1 Introduction
1 Introduction
Pages 5-16
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For convenience, this report uses the latter name in referring to this organization, despite the fact that some of the actions discussed took place before the name change. 4 The term "outer continental shelf " refers to those submerged lands, subsoil, and seabed that belong to the United States and lie seaward of state water boundaries (http://www.boemre.gov/ AboutBOEMRE/ocsdef.htm, accessed Dec.
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The policy was designed to jump-start baseline data collection efforts in advance of final regulations. (On June 23, 2009, five exploratory leases were granted for renewable wind energy resource assessment on the OCS offshore Delaware and New Jersey.)
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. The memorandum clarified that MMS has exclu sive jurisdiction with regard to the production, transporta tion, or transmission of energy from nonhydrokinetic renewable energy sources, including wind and solar.
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2009 On August 3, MMS published its "Guidelines for the Min erals Management Service Renewable Energy Framework, July 2009." The guidelines are divided into six chapters, covering qualification requirements; definitions; and lease and grant conveyance, administration, and payments. The guidelines state that five additional chapters will be "posted at a later date." One of them, Chapter 9, will "explain the requirements for facility design, fabrication, and installation." Chapter 10 will cover requirements for environmental and safety management, inspection, and facility assessment.
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requires that federal agency activities be consistent with the enforceable policies of a coastal state's federally approved coastal management program. COP = construction and operations plan, RE = renewable energy, and SAP = site assessment plan.
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As illustrated in Figure 1-2, the committee characterized its scope as "from design to commissioning." One caveat is that structural integrity cannot be considered in isolation. In complex engineering systems such as wind turbines, there are nonstructural components and systems whose failure and malfunctioning 8 In this report, "wind energy turbine generators" are often referred to simply as "wind turbines." A set of wind turbines is often referred to as a "wind farm." One or more turbines, when consid ered together with the rest of the equipment involved in transferring electricity from the turbines to shore, can also be referred to as a "wind farm" or, alternatively, a "wind energy power plant." 9 "Background Information and Study Goals," presentation to the committee by John Cushing, BOEMRE, July 28, 2010.
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Chapter 3 notes how these interactions are accounted for. As shown in Figure 1-1, the environmental hazards associated with the establishment and operation of offshore wind energy facilities are covered through the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)
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COMMITTEE APPROACH The committee's first task was to assess the applicability and adequacy of existing standards and practices for the design, fabrication, and installation of offshore wind turbines. In response to this charge, the committee reviewed standards and guidance documents (the latter encompassing rules, guidelines, recommended practices, and other similar documents)
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It believed that it should step back and examine not only the mechanics of remedying the deficiencies but also the underlying philosophies that could guide the development of additional standards or guidance documents for offshore wind turbines in the United States. In applying this broader perspective, the committee reviewed the approaches to oversight of offshore wind turbines taken by European countries.
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In carrying out its charge, the committee met three times. At its first two meetings, it received briefings on the development of standards for offshore wind energy in Europe and on current industry efforts to develop consensus standards for the United States.
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The term "certification" was likely derived from the statutory requirement in the United Kingdom that an offshore oil and gas facility receive a "certificate of fitness" from an appointed certifying authority on the basis of an independent assessment of the design, method of construction, and operations manual and associated surveys carried out by surveyors appointed by the certifying authority. Classification.
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Chapter 4 sets out the regulatory philosophies underlying various oversight regimes and how they might be incorporated into standards and guidance for application in the United States. Chapter 5 targets the second part of the committee's charge (Task II)
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