Engineering Aviation Security Environments—Reduction of False Alarms in Computed Tomography-Based Screening of Checked Baggage (2013) / Chapter Skim
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5 Lessons from Medical Imaging for Explosive Detection Systems
5 Lessons from Medical Imaging for Explosive Detection Systems
Pages 45-51
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From page 45... ...
No prior diagnostic radiology instrument was capable of quantifying localized tissue characteristics such as density, and thus many studies were initiated to determine the value of this new kind of information. The cross-sectional nature of the images was immediately recognized as a remarkable breakthrough by the medical imaging community, and within only several years, CT was adopted by radiology departments both large and small.
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From page 46... ...
Each vendor of medical CT scanners initially had a proprietary image file format, but the Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) format was adopted in 1993 as the industry standard through promulgation by a committee of the National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA)
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From page 47... ...
For example, CT colonography is under consideration as a modality of colon cancer screening, 4 CT angiography is beginning to be used in the screening and detection of coronary artery disease, 5 helical CT is currently evaluated as a modality to screen for lung cancer, 6 and CT is also under consideration as a modality to screen for breast cancer. 7 The screening uses of CT are still evolving, and as a result the image-processing software is not as much of an intrinsic component of the medical CT scanner as it is of the CT scanner used in EDSs.
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From page 48... ...
Failure to clear a bag in that time means either that the bag is rescanned or that it must undergo manual inspection, both of which can lead to flight delays and passenger inconvenience and have major human resource implications related to the costs in personnel time for resolving false alarms. The requirement of a high probability of detection and the limits in the overall CT examination time augur for caution among those creating the processes and lead to the high false-positive rates by nature of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC)
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From page 49... ...
• Medical imaging technology undergoes a continuous process of evaluation through formal studies, often comparative, routinely published in the extensive literature on diagnostic imaging. These studies address a broad range of issues and span the developmental trajectory of imaging modalities, from early laboratory and engineering studies to advanced clinical trials evaluating the use of these modalities in a medical setting.
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From page 50... ...
The existing medical image processing field is large and includes dozens of strong academic laboratories as well as well-supported industrial medical research and development programs that have been successful in providing excellent computeraided diagnosis algorithms. Broader participation by these highly experienced groups with diverse backgrounds in image processing would make it likely that new methods would be developed that may improve the detection and classification efficiency of baggage scanners.
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From page 51... ...
in 1993 fostered the development of a diverse and innovative array of diagnostic and therapeutic image visualization, processing, and automated detection/diagnostic products, fueled by the panoply of academic and private-sector research laboratories with extensive experience in the field. Recommendation: The Department of Homeland Security should promote the rapid acceptance of a standardized format for EDS images for all TSA-certified machines.
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