Informing the Future Critical Issues in Health, Sixth Edition (2011) / Chapter Skim
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Public Health: Protecting the Population
Public Health: Protecting the Population
Pages 73-96
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From page 73... ...
An array of government agencies and private organizations concerned with public health regularly depend on the IOM's findings and recommendations to guide their decisions and actions. Protecting the nation's security Among the broadest challenges the nation faces is protecting its security -- and the safety of the population -- from both natural disasters and threats linked to hostile human actions.
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From page 74... ...
Situational Biosurveillance Awareness and Monitoring and Response Intelligence Decision Support Detection Syndromic Mail Surveillance Rooms A schematic illustration of the relation between the BioWatch program and other sources of infor mation needed for infectious disease surveillance in the public health and healthcare systems. SOURCE: BioWatch and Public Health Surveillance: Evaluating Systems for the Early Detection of Figure 6-1.eps Biological Threats, p.
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From page 75... ...
With improvements in both BioWatch and public health infectious disease detection systems, a crucial step will be to link them into a national biosurveillance framework that will provide state and local public health authorities and the healthcare system with the information needed to determine the appropriate response to biological threats. Preparing for health emergencies In a major health emergency, whether caused by humans or occurring naturally, thousands or even hundreds of thousands of people across the country may suddenly require and seek medical care.
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From page 76... ...
With this foundation, the committee proposes a national framework for developing crisis standards of care, identifies key elements that should be included in the standards, and provides detailed guidance that state and local public health officials can use to establish and implement crisis stan dards of care. The proposed roadmap encompasses the full spectrum of the health system, including emergency medical services and dispatch, public health, hospital-based care, home care, primary care, palliative care, men tal health, and public health.
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From page 77... ...
Since antibiotics are most effective at preventing anthrax if taken before symptoms begin to occur, to prevent illness, public health officials must act quickly to distribute and dispense antibiotics in the remaining time. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
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From page 78... ...
maintained by the CDC -- which can be deployed rapidly around the country as a supplement to state and local antibiotic stockpiles. State and local public health authorities dispense antibiotics from all of these stockpiles to the public primarily via points of dispensing that are set up throughout the community.
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From page 79... ...
services, which often face dayIn response, the Federal Interagency Com- to-day shortages of equipment, mittee on Emergency Medical Services, with supplies, or personnel. support from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, asked the IOM's Forum on Medical and Public Health Preparedness for Catastrophic Events to hold a workshop to explore the issue.
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From page 80... ...
Revitalizing public health laws and policy In national efforts to protect and improve the health of the population, public policies have a major role to play. Sound laws and regulations are particularly important in a time of scarce resources, because they can diminish or preclude the need for other, more costly and potentially less efficient interventions.
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From page 81... ...
Both federal and state policy makers should takes steps to ensure that public health laws adequately meet current health needs. State laws should provide health agencies with broad authority to deal with chronic diseases and conditions such as obesity, inju The 10 Essential Public Health Services 1.
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From page 82... ...
Previhealth agencies to provide ously developed by a consortium of public the 10 essential public health health groups, the list of services includes services as the standard of basic functions such as monitoring the practice and make certain health status of communities, diagnosing that adequate funding and and investigating community health hazstaffing are in place to ards, mobilizing community action, enforcprovide these services. ing laws that protect health, and evaluating population-based services.
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From page 83... ...
process to ensure that medical devices on the market are safe and effective. Other policy makers and patients, as well as the medical-device industry, have asserted that the process has become too burdensome and time-consuming and that it is delaying important new medical devices from entering the market.
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From page 84... ...
In one study, the IOM examined what changes mandated in the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 will mean for women. The legislation requires that certain preventive services be covered at no cost to patients.
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From page 85... ...
Protecting and improving the health of children presents another major challenge to the nation generally and the public health community in particular. Child health is important not only in its own right but to future health as well; the quality of health and health behaviors laid prenatally and in early childhood contribute significantly to lifelong health.
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From page 86... ...
ally sensitive and supportive manner to address current health concerns about safety and other current or future health problems. Recommendation 5.3: Annual counsel- Recommendation 5.8: At least one well ing on sexually transmitted infections for woman preventive care visit annually sexually active women.
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From page 87... ...
As a result, the lives of infants, children, and adolescents differ in fundamental ways from those of past generations. As families undergo rapid change, so is family science, which is spawning a large and growing body of findings from various disciplines.
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From page 88... ...
Further, the oral healthcare system will be based on sound scien tific evidence; eliminate barriers that contribute to oral health disparities; prioritize disease prevention and health promotion; provide oral health services in a variety of settings; make use of a diverse and expanded array of providers who are competent, compensated, and authorized to provide
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From page 89... ...
The system also must ensure that oral health care is incorporated as an integral component of comprehensive health care. With proper training, nondental healthcare professionals, such as nurses, pharmacists, physician assistants, and physicians, could screen for oral diseases and deliver preventive care services.
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From page 90... ...
The proposed agenda rests on a set of core organizing principles based on the areas in greatest need of attention and the approaches that have the most potential for creating improvements. The principles include establishing high-level accountability within HHS, emphasizing disease prevention and oral health promotion, improving oral health literacy and cultural competence, reducing oral health disparities among underserved populations, exploring new models for payment and delivery of care, enhancing the role of nondental healthcare professionals, expanding oral health research and improving data collection, promoting collaboration among private and public stakeholders, and measuring progress toward short-term and long-term goals and objectives.
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From page 91... ...
The system engages many partners -- including multiple government agencies and departments, vaccine researchers, manufacturers, public health officials, healthcare providers, and the public -- in identifying vaccine needs, researching and developing new products, assessing safety, and getting people immunized. But the stakeholders do not regularly or effectively work together to advance collective goals.
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From page 92... ...
In addition, it should promote the use of health information technology, including electronic health records, to monitor disease incidence, rapidly detect potential safety signals, and measure vaccine coverage. One of the key aims of developing a National Vaccine Plan is to prevent adverse reactions to vaccines.
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From page 93... ...
Vaccine strain viral reactivation with subsequent infection resulting Varicella Convincingly Supports in meningitis or encephalitis (inflammation of the brain) MMR Measles inclusion body encephalitis Convincingly Supportsa,b Febrile seizures (a type of seizure that occurs in association with MMR Convincingly Supports fever and is generally regarded as benign)
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From page 94... ...
Examining the value of cancer care One challenge facing all parts of the healthcare system centers on costs -- and perhaps no area of health care feels more pressure than oncology, or
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From page 95... ...
In addition, the healthcare delivery system's incentives favor aggressive treatment over many other important steps, such as providing patients with accurate information about prognosis, comfort care measures that can improve the quality of life for patients with cancer and even prolong life, or end-of-life planning, Oncology spending is growing and these may take second place to costly at more than 15 percent interventions. annually, faster than The IOM's National Cancer Policy total health spending.
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