The Early Childhood Care and Education Workforce Challenges and Opportunities: A Workshop Report (2012) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix B: Commissioned Papers
Appendix B: Commissioned Papers
Pages 107-210
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From page 107... ...
Brandon Prepared for the IOM Committee on the ECCE Workforce INTRODUCTION AND PURPOSE The National Research Council and Institute of Medicine (IOM) convened a Committee on the Early Childhood Care and Education Workforce, which is charged with holding a workshop to provide a clear defi nition of who is included in that workforce and to explore major issues regarding how to support the workforce and improve the quality of services it provides.
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From page 108... ...
It is common to divide ECCE into three broad categories reflecting the type of setting in which care and instruction occur: center-based (including community-based centers, preschools, and Head Start programs) ; formal home-based or Family Child Care (FCC)
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From page 109... ...
3 Much of this summary is based on new, unpublished tabulations of federal workforce data reflecting federal occupation and industry codes used by the BLS and the Census Bureau. We requested these data because the most recent nationally representative surveys of the ECCE workforce were conducted between 10 to 20 years ago.
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From page 110... ...
In addition, studies used different language to refer to child care workers. Some studies divided child care workers into teachers, assistant teachers, and aids.
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From page 111... ...
Within Tier I, the 1990 PCCS was the only study that was drawn from a nationally representative sample, covered child care workers for children birth through 5 years of age, and distinguished them from caregivers of school-aged children. It did not include the large FFN component of the workforce.
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From page 112... ...
Thus, they yield information about some groups of child care workers and early education teachers, but not all of them. Some of the data come from the HSIS, which was conducted from 2002–2006 and the Head Start: FACES surveys from 1997 through 2001.
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From page 113... ...
COUNTING THE ECCE WORKFORCE FOR CHILDREN AGE B–5, BY SETTING The only study that encompassed and distinguished the workforce responsible for children B–5 and included all settings (center-based, formal home-based, and informal home-based) was the HSPC demandbased estimate (Brandon et al., 2011)
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FIGURE B-1 Demand-based estimates of the ECCE workforce. TABLE B-1 Formal ECCE Workforce by Role/Responsibility Total Center-Based Staff FCC Staff Persons in Center Assistant Typical Staff: Directors/ Teachers FCC FCC Week Total Administrators Teachers and Aides Providers Assistants 1,333,000 1,083,000 83,000 564,000 435,000 151,000 99,000 NOTE: ECCE: Early Childhood Care Education;,FCC: Family Child Care.
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From page 115... ...
In the next major section of the paper, we summarize studies using Census data to provide additional characteristics. There are many challenges to using standard federal data from the BLS and the Census Bureau to describe the ECCE workforce, as discussed in Federal Data Sources for Understanding the Early Childhood Care and Education Workforce: A Background Paper, a second commissioned work
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From page 116... ...
Comparing BLS Employment Estimates to Demand-Based Estimates As seen in Table B-3A, BLS identified 1.8 million jobs, of which 1.3 million are classified as child care workers and 0.5 million as preschool teachers. The demand-based estimate exclusive of FFN caregivers was about 1.4 million.
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From page 117... ...
Child care workers are distributed across a wider range of economic sectors than preschool teachers. About 21 percent are in social assistance; 4 percent in health care, mostly residential facilities; 19 percent are in child day care services, such as community-based centers; 3 percent are in fitness and recreation centers, and 6 percent work for "religious, grantmaking, civic, professional, and similar organizations," which are presumably centers operated by such entities.
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From page 118... ...
Educational services, public and private 147.7 11.34 Health care and social assistance 334.2 25.67 Health care 57.3 4.40 Residential care facilities (mental 49.5 3.80 retardation, mental health, substance abuse, other) Social assistance 276.9 21.27 Individual, family, community, and 23.2 1.79 vocational rehabilitation services Child day care services 253.7 19.48 Arts, entertainment, and recreation 34.9 2.68 (including fitness and recreation centers)
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From page 119... ...
Occupation 457.2 100.00 1,759.1 100.00 7.0 1.53 431.0 24.50 450.2 98.47 1,328.0 75.49 11.6 0.66 66.3 14.51 214.0 12.17 317.3 69.40 651.5 37.04 2.8 0.62 60.1 3.42 0.5 0.10 50.0 2.84 314.5 68.78 591.4 33.62 17.4 3.81 40.6 2.31 297.1 64.97 550.8 31.31 0.7 0.16 35.6 2.02 0.6 0.13 35.4 2.01 1.0 0.06 58.5 12.80 136.4 7.75 58.5 12.80 136.0 7.73 5.5 1.19 23.1 1.31 0.3 0.07 246.8 14.03 places that employ workers is essential to arranging supports. Planning for both pre-service and in-service professional development, as well as for recruitment activities, is aided by projecting future job growth in different occupations and industries.
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From page 120... ...
Religious, grantmaking, civic, professional, 88.0 13.54 and similar organizations Government 19.0 8.12 Private households; all jobs 273.3 10.88 NOTE: CC: Child Care SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment Projections, 2009. ECCE workers, which incorporate both child care workers (which include school-aged care)
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From page 121... ...
Change 543.9 18.95 1,987.8 13.00 7.4 5.50 452.4 4.97 536.5 19.16 1,535.5 15.63 13.9 19.83 72.7 9.53 253.0 18.22 388.9 22.56 764.1 17.28 3.3 17.65 66.4 10.48 0.5 9.96 54.6 9.20 385.6 22.60 697.7 17.97 20.7 19.18 48.7 19.95 364.8 22.80 648.9 17.81 0.8 16.18 40.6 14.04 0.7 14.95 40.5 14.41 1.1 10.00 66.1 12.94 154.6 13.34 66.1 12.94 154.1 13.31 5.9 8.10 24.9 7.79 0.3 4.43 273.6 10.86 trends in the economy. Thus, the overall number of jobs for child care workers plus preschool teachers is projected to grow about 13 percent over a decade from 2008 to 2018.
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From page 122... ...
Similarly, child day care employ ment in centers is projected to grow by 12 percent, but employment in fitness and recreation centers by 14 percent. The greatest projected growth -- 22 percent -- is for child care workers in the educational services sector; employment of preschool teachers in educational establishments is projected to grow by 10 percent.
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From page 123... ...
Thus, the data reflect a somewhat broader workforce definition than the B–5 focus of the ECCE committee, because child care workers (4600) include care for school-aged children and the private households industry code (9290)
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From page 124... ...
Detailed tables of characteristics of the ECCE workforce are available at http://www.iom.edu/Reports/2011/The-Early-Childhood-Care-andEducation-Workforce-Challenges-and-Opportunities.aspx. Demographic Characteristics: Age, Gender, Race/Ethnicity, Marital Status, Household Composition and Income Age of Workers According to previously unpublished tabulations based on data from the CPS and the ACS, the median age for child care workers ranges from 35 to 39 years.
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From page 125... ...
The child care workforce is predominately white and nonHispanic, with estimates ranging from 71 to 79 percent white for child care workers, 76 to 83 percent for preschool teachers, and 69 to 86 percent for FCC providers. A large minority of FCC providers (36 to 40 percent)
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From page 126... ...
and could not be distinguished from kindergarten teachers.6 As Table B-7 shows, when averaging data from 2005 through 2007, the estimates for the race/ethnicity of child care workers are similar to those above. The percentage of child care workers who are white (75.9 percent)
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From page 127... ...
The mean household income for a preschool teacher in 2004 was TABLE B-8 Marital Status of Child Care Workers, 2007 Type and N Studies Child Care Workers Married (%)
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From page 128... ...
However, few of the national studies, except those focused on preschool, restricted their samples to child care workers for B–5 children. The estimates summarized in Table B-10A come from provided tabulations of Current Population Survey data, which includes caregivers for school-aged children.
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From page 129... ...
However, preschool teachers in these studies come from samples based on state-sponsored programs, so it is likely that they have higher education levels than other prekindergarten teachers. Education levels were lower for child care workers and FCC providers.
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As of 2001, 12 percent of preschool teachers had obtained an associate's degree in ECE, 31 percent obtained a bachelor's in ECE, and 13 percent obtained an advanced degree in ECE. The percentage of prekindergarten teachers who obtained a child development associate (CDA)
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From page 131... ...
ECCE Experience Across studies, child care workers reported having an average of 4 to 5 years of work experience in the ECCE field, while preschool teachers had an average of 7 to 12 years of experience. Head Start teachers had spent an average of 8 to 9 years teaching in Head Start classrooms.
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From page 132... ...
Many child care workers are also employed in school-based or school-related programs, which only operate about 9 months of the year. Enrollment at community-based child care centers drops substan tially in the summer as parents take vacations and move houses; some staff takes vacation, others are temporarily not employed.
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From page 133... ...
Benefits A major economic consideration for ECCE workforce is access to retirement and health benefits. In this section we summarize previously unpublished data from the 2010 National Compensation Survey provided specifically for this study.9 As for other BLS data, we note that Child Care Workers and Child Day Care Services includes school-aged as well as ECCE workers.
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From page 134... ...
Preschool teachers slightly exceed the national average, with 75 TABLE B-16A Percentage of Civilian Workers with Access to Employer-Provided Health Insurance Child Day Care Elementary Services and Child and Elementary All Day Care Secondary and Secondary Industries Services Schools Schools All workers (in all 74 49 88 84 occupations) Child care workers 38 31 60 39 and preschool teachers, except special education Child care workers 31 26 47 31 Preschool teachers, 63 64 90 75 except special education SOURCE: BLS National Compensation Survey, 2010.
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From page 135... ...
Access varies greatly between workers in the community-based child day care services industry, for which access is 31 percent, and elementarysecondary schools, which have 60 percent access. Even within the schools, 90 percent of preschool teachers have access to health benefits, compared to 47 percent of child care workers.
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For child care workers, 18 percent out of the 30 percent with access participate, and for preschool teachers all of the 47 percent with access participate. Combining all ECCE workers -- child care
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Child care workers 24 9 59 23 and preschool teachers, except special education Child care workers 18 -- 54 17 Preschool teachers, 47 -- 72 48 except special education NOTE: Dashes indicate no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. SOURCE: BLS National Compensation Survey, 2010.
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From page 138... ...
Preschool teachers in schools receive about 20 percent lower retirement benefits -- $2.69 per hour worked -- which is still much higher than preschool teachers in non-school settings. Other Employment According to CPS data, a small percentage of child care workers (5 percent)
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From page 139... ...
National studies have generally showed annual job turnover rates to be about one-third of child care workers and 19 to 39 percent of teachers. Data from California, gathered as part of the 1994–2000 study, Then and Now: Changes in Childcare Staffing, indicate that job turnover between 1999 and 2000 for all teaching staff was about 32 percent and occupational turnover was about 16 percent.
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. Additionally, 53 to 62 percent of teachers and 14 percent of total child care workers indicated that they were members of one or more professional associations (Table B-20)
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; HSPC Estimating the Eco nomic Value of Early Care and Education, 2005–2007 III. Nationally representative; cover a portion of B–5 workforce or settings; e.g., prekindergarten, Head Start (7)
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CA: California Early Care and Education Workforce Study -- Family Child Care Survey, 2005 3. CA: California Early Care and Education Workforce Study -- Center Survey, 2005 4.
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Child Care Workforce Estimates Study • Study Dates: 1999, 2005 • Agency: HSPC; CCW • Demand-based estimation of the early child care and education workforce • Uses 1999 and 2005 data from the NHES to calculate estimates of child care workforce • NHES is a large-scale, nationally representative survey that asks respondents questions about the hours spent in a variety of care arrangements in a typical week. • The NHES is a random-digit-dial telephone survey of the general population, with 7,198 household respondents with children age B–5.
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II. Nationally Representative; Most Settings; Cover All B–5 But Do Not Distinguish from School-Age American Community Survey (ACS)
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• These estimates were calculated in relation to a project focused on hours of caregiving. • Sample N: 501 child care workers • Limitations: o Uses census categorization to define child care workers; there fore does not include preschool teachers and may include chil dren of any age Source Brandon, R
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From page 146... ...
▪ 2000–2003 data: Occupation Code = 4600 (child care workers) o Data are provided for child care workers from 1979 through 2004 • Tabulations from PUMS data: o 2009 ACS and 2010 CPS demographics for CPS aggregations of ECCE occupations, all detailed ECCE industries o Occupations: education administrators, preschool and kinder garten teachers, special education teachers, teacher assistants, first line supervisors/managers, child care workers o Industry: elementary and secondary schools, child day care services, private households • Limitations: o Estimates are based on Census industry and occupation codes, which are not restricted to ECCE caregivers.
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From page 147... ...
, urbanicity, and percentage of minority families in the program • 2006–2007 Cohort: National random sample of Head Start Pro grams from Head Start Program Information Report o Sample: 60 programs, 135 centers, 410 classroom, 365 teachers, 3,315 children (Fall 2006) • 2003–2004 Cohort: National random sample of Head Start Pro grams from Head Start Program Information Report (follow-up child sample)
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2006. Head Start Performance Measures Center Family and Child Experiences Survey (FACES 2000)
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From page 149... ...
Selected a cluster of programs from each of the 25 strata; o Determined eligibility of the agencies creating a pool of 223 agencies; o Grouped and stratified these along other regional conditions, to create a sample of 90 agencies across 23 states; o Agencies recruited and dropped 3; o Developed list of 1,427 Head Start Centers; o Determined eligibility of centers; o Re-stratified eligible centers; o Selected children and conducted random assignment • Sample N: 2,783 Head Start children and 1,884 control children for total sample of 4,667 children • Data collection included: direct child assessments, parent inter views, teacher surveys and child reports, center director setting interviews, and care setting observations • Caregiver information collected: o Certificates, education, experience o Beliefs and attitudes • Results are provided in terms of center setting for 3- and 4-year old children in Head Start and control groups. • Limitations: o Data are restricted to Head Start programs, centers, classrooms, children, and parents.
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From page 150... ...
• Sample Population: all 40,211 state-funded prekindergarten classrooms in the nation • Sample N: National sample of 3,898 prekindergarten teachers • Limitations: o Sample of prekindergarten teachers. o Sample does not include all B–5 ECE workers.
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From page 151... ...
. • Sample population: Drew child care facilities from state-level lists of licensed child care facilities, excluded family child care programs, and only included early childhood programs that served infants, toddlers, and/or preschoolers.
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• Five sites were chosen because they varied based on: level of quality required by each state in child care regulations, geo graphic region, relative distributions of for-profit and non-profit centers, and the attention accorded to child care staffing issues in state and local policy initiatives. o Three sites participated in the Cost Effects Study of the National Day Care Study in 1977 (Atlanta, Detroit, Seattle)
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From page 153... ...
• Study Dates: 1976–1980 • The study consists of a series of case studies of home-based care. • The sample consists of both regulated and unregulated family day care homes in three urban areas (Los Angeles, Philadelphia, and San Antonio)
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From page 154... ...
• Researchers then stratified the sample in all states to maximize diversity with regard to teachers' education, program location, and program length. • Sample N: 237 lead teachers and 939 children in state-funded prekindergarten classrooms from six states • Limitations: o Sample restricted to teachers in state-funded prekindergarten classrooms from six states Sources Early, D
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. Chapel Hill, NC: Frank Porter Graham Child Development Institute.
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From page 156... ...
azchildren.org/MyFiles/PDF/CC_Compensation_Credentials.pdf. California California Early Care and Education Workforce Study • Study Date: 2005
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From page 157... ...
2006. California Early Care and Education Workforce Study: Licensed family child care providers.
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From page 158... ...
Berkeley, CA: Center for the Study of Child Care Employment; San Francisco, CA: California Child Care Resource and Referral Network. Infrastructure Survey • Non-random and not a complete census survey • Online survey with SurveyMonkey • 2009: surveyed a population of 1,588 persons who work in three types of early childhood infrastructure organizations in Cali fornia -- child care resource and referral programs, local First 5 commissions and as child care coordinators • 1,091 completed interviews; 69 child care coordinators and staff, 285 First 5 staff, 737 R&R staff Source Whitebook, M
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From page 159... ...
Illinois Illinois Department of Human Services (IDHS) Illinois Salary and Staffing Survey of Licensed Child Care Facilities • Study Dates: 2007, 2009 • Agency: IDHS • Sample Population: all 13,953 facilities, 3,196 licensed child care centers and 10,757 licensed family child care home providers, who were listed in the Illinois Network of Child Care Resources & Referral Agencies (INCCRRA)
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From page 160... ...
Indiana Survey of Teachers and Directors Working in Licensed Child Care Centers and Unlicensed Child Care Ministries • Study Date: 2007 • Agency: Indiana Association for the Education of Young Chil dren, Inc. • Study consists of a mail survey in Indiana in 2007 • Sample Population: Originally mailed to all located centers: 1,235 directors and 14,834 teachers • Sample N: Final response: 5,102 teachers and 668 directors
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From page 161... ...
and to all licensed family child care providers (N = 2054) using the Office of Child Care and Head Start licensing list • Sample Population: all licensed centers and providers in Maine • Sample N: 1,878 surveys, 415 from centers completed and returned • Data based on telephone interviews and a focus group with child care providers Source Maine Child Care Market Rate and Workforce Study.
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From page 162... ...
The lists were stratified by metro area and greater Minnesota and then randomized. • Surveys with 354 randomly selected licensed family child care providers and an over-sample of 149 American Indian, Hmong, Latino, and Somali licensed family child care providers; a two part survey with 328 center-based programs and 1,162 directors and teaching staff; and nine focus groups with 77 providers and teachers • Estimated 12,334 licensed family child care providers and center based programs • The estimated size of Minnesota's child care workforce is 36,500, which includes about 14,700 providers and paid assistants in the licensed home-based workforce and about 21,800 staff in the center-based workforce, including 2,050 directors, 9,150 teachers, 5,000 assistant teachers, and 5,600 aides Source Chase, R., C
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From page 163... ...
New York City Early Childhood Professional Development Institute and Cornell University Early Childhood Program, http://www.earlychildhoodnyc.org/pdfs/eng/FinalReport.pdf. North Carolina North Carolina Child Care Workforce Survey • Study Dates: Spring and Summer 2003 • Agency: Child Care Services Association and FPG Child Develop ment Institute • Sample N: Survey response rates were 78 percent of center direc tors (N = 2,203 director surveys collected)
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Oregon • Few study/data details Source Investing in young kids = investing in their teachers: Building Oregon's early education workforce.
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Child Care and Early Education Workforce Survey execu tive summary.
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Virginia Child Care Workforce Study in Metro-Richmond, Virginia • Study Date: 2003 • Agency: Voices for Virginia's Children • There are approximately 350 child care centers in the metro-
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: 1,074 full-day child care centers and 278 family child care homes • 1988 (Rily and Rodgers) : 86 center directors, 171 teachers, 96 family day care providers • 1994 (Burton et al.)
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1980. A study of day care workers in Wisconsin.
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2005. Massachusetts capacity study research brief: Characteristics of the current early education and care workforce serv ing 3–5-year-olds.
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Wellesley, MA: Wellesley Centers for Women and Abt Associates Inc. CQ Family Child Care Study • Study Dates: 2000–2001 • Agency: Wellesley Centers for Women and Abt Associates Inc.
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From page 171... ...
The descriptions of the NAICS and SOC are followed by a discussion of issues these classifications present for ECCE workforce analysis. Additional issues concerning BLS and Census data (referred to as the "standard data sources")
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From page 172... ...
Depending on their products or activities, all establishments in an enterprise may be classified in one industry, or they may be classified in different industries. In the ECCE context, establishments include child care centers, schools, private homes, and any other type of establishment where ECCE services are provided.
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From page 173... ...
To ensure that occupational data from across the federal statistical system are comparable and can be used together in analysis, OMB has established the Standard Occupational Classification, or SOC.13 The 2010 SOC is a tiered system with four levels, ranging from 23 major groups to 840 detailed occupations. Each worker is classified into only one of the detailed occupations based on the tasks he or she performs.
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From page 174... ...
Principle 1 does this by specifying that the SOC covers all work performed for pay or profit, and specifying that occupations unique to volunteer work are not included. In the ECCE context, the SOC is used to classify workers who provide early childhood care and instruction and who receive wage or salary pay or self-employment income for providing these services.
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Thus, for a detailed occupation to be included in the SOC, either the Bureau of Labor Statistics or the Census Bureau must be able to collect and report data on that occupation. SOURCE: Standard Occupational Classification Manual 2010, Office of Management and Budget.
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For example, a lead teacher who teaches preschool but also supervises other preschool teachers would be classified in one of the two preschool teaching occupations: 25-2011 Preschool Teachers, Except Special Education, or 25-5051 Special Education Teachers, Preschool. Classification of supervisors of teachers is different from how supervisors of child care workers are classified.
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From page 177... ...
Whether this worker is classified with 39-1021 First-line Supervisors of Personal Care Workers or with 39-9011 Childcare Workers should depend on the amount of time spent supervising versus providing care.
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From page 178... ...
The 2010 SOC includes the occupations where workers who provide care or instruction to the B–5 population are classified, as well as relevant education administrators and the supervisors of child care workers. (See Table B-21.)
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The SOC distinguishes 25-2011 Preschool Teachers, Except Special Education from 39-9011 Child Care Workers based on the work activities performed, which are described in the occupational definitions in Table B-21. Generally, the distinction is that Preschool Teachers provide instruction while Child Care Workers perform tasks other than instruction.
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From page 180... ...
. • Head Start director • Prekindergarten program coordinator • Preschool director 25-2011 Preschool Teachers, Instruct preschool-aged children in activities designed • Early childhood teacher Except Special Education to promote social, physical, and intellectual growth • Head Start teacher needed for primary school in preschool, day care center, • Nursery school teacher or other child development facility.
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From page 181... ...
. • Child care worker • Day care attendant • Day care worker • Day care aide • Day care provider • Governess • Nanny • Nursery day care worker • Playground aide NOTE: ECCE: Early Childhood Care Education; SOC: Standard Occupational Classification; SOCPC: Standard Occupational Classification Policy Committee.
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From page 182... ...
• chools for the physically disabled, S This industry includes school boards and elementary or secondary school districts. • ilitary academies, elementary or M secondary Center-based 624410 Child day care This industry comprises establishments • Child day care babysitting services services primarily engaged in providing day care of • Nursery schools Formal family child infants or children.
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From page 183... ...
As to the issue of services according to the age of the children served, only the description for NAICS 624410 Child Day Care Services references preschool age children, which is likely the dominant population served by establishments classified here. The illustrative examples for this industry, shown in Table B-22, suggest this may be the case: Child day care babysitting services, Nursery schools, Child or infant day care centers, and Preschool centers.
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From page 184... ...
In general, household surveys provide less occupational and industry detail than establishment surveys, because there is less information avail able for assigning classification codes. An important example of this limitation is SOC 25-2011 Preschool Teachers, Except Special Education.
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From page 185... ...
7. It is difficult to identify formal Family Child Care home-based care services and informal Family, Friend, and Neighbor care services in the standard data sources.
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From page 186... ...
and the economic relationship between the FCC proprietor and the customer, who pays the proprietor directly or creates an arrangement for payment through a third party, such as voucher program. In practice, however, the standard establishment and household surveys do not distinguish home-based formal settings from other formal settings, such as centerbased care.
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From page 187... ...
Officers of incorporated businesses -- in this case, proprietors of incorporated home-based businesses -- are generally considered paid employees.20 These establishments would be classified according to the services provided, probably in NAICS 624410 Child Day Care Services, and would be in the universe for BLS establishment surveys. Proprietors are relevant only for FCC and not for FFN care.
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From page 188... ...
To code the industry and occupation responses, the Census Bureau maintains industry and occupation title indexes.23 For the industry questions, responses such as "child care" and "day care" are coded to the Census industry equivalent of NAICS 624410 Child Day Care Services. Census coding procedures may use occupational responses to aid in coding the industry.
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189 APPENDIX B TABLE B-24 American Community Survey Questions on Class of Worker, Industry, and Occupation Question Question Responses Coded to 41 Was this person–Mark (X)
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Note that for FCC proprietors, those in incorporated businesses will be found in the same categories as pre school directors in center-based programs: they are either wage and salary workers or self-employed (unincorporated) proprietors in the Child Day Care Services industry, in the occupation the Census occupational equivalent of 11-9030 Education Administrators.
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Data Item Proprietors Employees Employees Proprietors Employees Caregivers Class of worker ü ü ü ü Wage and salary Proprietors of Proprietors of worker incorporated incorporated businesses businesses ü Self-employed Proprietors of Proprietors of worker, not unincorporated unincorporated incorporated businesses businesses Industry 624410 Child 624410 Child 611110 624410 Child 624410 Child 624410 Child day care services day care Elementary day care services day care services day care services services and secondary 814110 Private schools Households Occupation 11-9030 11-9030 11-9030 11-9030 39-9011 Child 39-9011 Child Education Education Education Education Care workers Care workers administrators administrators administrators administrators Other 25-2010 25-2010 occupations Preschool and Preschool and kindergarten kindergarten teachers teachers 25-2050 Special 25-2050 Special education education teachers teachers 39-9011 Child 39-9011 Child Care workers Care workers Other Other occupations occupations 191
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Table B-26 lists the data sources reviewed. In the tables that follow, for each data source, certain metadata are identified, followed by a brief assessment of the advantages and limitations of the data source for ECCE purposes.
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From page 193... ...
work, child care, volunteering, and socializing Current BLS Establishment Monthly and annual industry Employment survey time series on employment, Statistics hours, and wages (CES) Current BLS/Census Household survey Current overall trends in labor Population force participation, employment Survey (CPS)
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194 THE EARLY CHILDHOOD CARE AND EDUCATION WORKFORCE TABLE B-26 Continued Source Agency Type Description Quarterly BLS Establishment Monthly, quarterly, and annual Census of administrative data on employment by detailed Employment data industry; quarterly and annual and Wages data on total payroll and payroll (QCEW) per employee Survey of BLS Establishment Annual information on the Occupational survey rate, number and severity of Injuries and work-related non-fatal injuries Illnesses and illnesses, and how these (SOII)
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Periodicity of the data Annual Reference period Annual Frequency of publication Annual Scope Total population, including people living in both housing units and group quarters Classifications used and level Standard Occupational Classification adapted of detail to Census Occupation Codes. For the 2010 SOC, provides 539 detailed occupations, including 4 military occupations North American Industry Classification System adapted to Census Industry Codes Geographic detail National ü Region ü State ü Metropolitan Area ü County ü City ü Urban/suburban/rural Other (describe)
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In addition, the Census Occupational Classification does not provide full SOC detail for preschool teachers or education administrators.
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From page 197... ...
Demographic information -- including sex, race, age, educational attainment, occupation, income, marital status, and the presence of children in the household -- also is available for each respondent. Individuals are randomly selected from a subset of households that have completed their eighth and final month of interviews for the Current Population Survey (CPS)
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From page 198... ...
Data elements produced 1.b Unpaid caregivers and 2.a Type of setting. that relate to the desired Use ATUS to identify sub-samples of adults who information care for their own children and for other people's children, but who do not list child care as their occupation.
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2. Excludes wage and salary workers in private households.
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From page 200... ...
Classifications used and level Standard Occupational Classification adapted of detail to Census Occupation Codes. For the 2010 SOC, provides 539 detailed occupations.
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In addition, the Census Occupational Classification does not provide full SOC detail for preschool teachers or education administrators. NOTE: BLS: Bureau of Labor Statistics; ETA: Employment and Training Administration.
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From page 202... ...
Limitations for ECCE purposes: 1. Limitations of the SOC for identifying ECCE workforce.
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2. Limitations of the SOC for identifying ECCE workforce.
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Geographic detail National ü Region State ü Metropolitan Area ü MSA ü MSA Divisions County City Urban/suburban/rural Other (describe) Balance of state areas composed of non metropolitan geography in each state
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in occupations related to ECCE by industry, including especially NAICS 611110 Elementary and Secondary Schools, and 624410 Child Day Care Services 2.c Role and responsibility, represented by occupations 3.d Compensation, specifically hourly wages in occupations related to ECCE, total by geographic area, and nationally by industry 5.a Distribution of staffing by roles, represented by occupations, within industries 6.a Distribution by urban/rural location. OES data can be tabulated to urban/rural using the MSA and balance of state (non-metropolitan)
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Periodicity of the data Updates to database added approximately annual as data from recent collections are incorporated Reference period Not applicable Frequency of publication Approximately annually Scope Wage and salary employment in all industries except private households and most agriculture industries Classifications used and level SOC, 6-digit detailed occupations with additional of detail detail for some occupations. Excludes military occupations (SOC Major Group 55)
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Limitations for ECCE purposes: 1. Limitations of the SOC for identifying ECCE workforce.
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The QCEW program has data on nonagricultural industries, along with partial information on agricultural industries and employees in private households. For the first quarter of each year, data are tabulated by establishment size class.
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2. Includes wage and salary workers in private households.
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NAICS 2007 publishable data include 3-digit Educational Services, 4-digit Child Day Care Services Geographic detail National ü Region State 44 participating states, the District of Columbia, and territories (for 2009) Metropolitan Area County City Urban/suburban/rural Other (describe)
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Key Terms
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