Review of the 21st Century Truck Partnership, Second Report (2012) / Chapter Skim
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4 Medium- and Heavy-Duty Hybrid Vehicles
4 Medium- and Heavy-Duty Hybrid Vehicles
Pages 59-77
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From page 59... ...
, have been the following: which are the primary focus of the Department of Energy (DOE) in the 21CTP, and hydraulic hybrid vehicles, which • Simulation and modeling, are the focus of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
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From page 60... ...
. As a result, heavy-duty In FY 2010, the DOE announced the establishment of the hybrid vehicles require high energy storage density, much SuperTruck program, with an overall goal to develop and like an EV, as well as high power density for acceleration demonstrate a 50 percent improvement in freight efficiency and deceleration, like light-duty hybrids.
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From page 61... ...
Limited test results for different duty cycles are avail able for medium- and heavy-duty hybrid vehicles. Regard ing one set of results, the EPA conducted tests on a series Impact of Duty Cycle hydraulic hybrid delivery truck over a number of different test duty cycles.
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From page 62... ...
The HTUF held The only heavy-duty hybrid truck funding available since its first annual conference at that time. In September 2010, 2007 has been used to conduct in-use and laboratory evaluthe 10th annual HTUF conference was held in Dearborn, ations on hybrid vehicles, mostly delivery trucks and transit Michigan, with 700 attendees.
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From page 63... ...
No R&D work for 21CTP Goal 1: Develop a new generation of drive unit energy storage technology for heavy-duty hybrid vehicles systems that have higher specific power, lower cost, and was funded by the DOE for FY 2007 through FY 2010. The durability matching the service life of the vehicle.
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From page 64... ...
The EV requires a high-energy electrical storage capac - On March 19, 2009, the DOE launched a $2 billion ity for a long driving range. Heavy-duty hybrid vehicles competitive grant program under the ARRA to promote the require high energy storage density, much like an EV, as manufacturing of the batteries and parts for electric vehicles.
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From page 65... ...
No R&D work to reduce the fuel consumption of heavy duty hybrid vehicles was funded by the DOE for FY 2007 Finding 4-1. Although 2012 has been established as the dead- through FY 2010.
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From page 66... ...
There drive-unit systems and energy storage systems, and achievare no industry standards yet for heavy-duty hybrid vehicle ing a 60 percent improvement in fuel economy (38 percent testing. The demonstrated fuel economy improvement of 20 reduction in fuel consumption)
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From page 67... ...
The committee obtained insight into industry's progress in commercializing heavy-duty hybrid electric vehicles during a • Enova's Plug-In HEV system in IC Corporation's school bus (2009) -- Improved fuel economy up to 57 visit to the Eaton Corporation on January 14, 2011.
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From page 68... ...
Selected heavy-duty vehicle projects with energy storage being funded by the ARRA include the following:10 challenges has been adapting its hybrid systems to many applications with diverse needs and many niche applications. In addition, there is increased emphasis on all-electric driv - • Electric Vehicles: ing, especially in European cities and for port applications in -- Smith Electric Vehicles -- An all-electric Class 3 box the United States (see the following section, "Plug-in Hybrid truck is being developed with a 120 kW liquid-cooled and Battery Electric Vehicles")
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From page 69... ...
Preliminary results show 44 to 73 percent for energy storage, a hydraulic hybrid vehicle provides high reduction in NOx emissions and 13 to 160 percent specific power, but low specific energy, as shown in Figure increase in fuel economy (12 to 62 percent reduction 4-1. As a result, hydraulic hybrids are effective in providing in fuel consumption)
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From page 70... ...
TABLE 4-5 Fuel Economy Improvements for Parallel and Two hydraulic storage tanks are required. The high- Series Hydraulic Hybrid Trucks pressure accumulator tank operates between 2,000 and 7,000 Fuel Economy Improvement % (mpg)
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From page 71... ...
Regulatory considerations for heavy-duty hybrid vehicles Delivery trucks, refuse trucks, yard hustlers, and shuttle include hybrid truck tax credits, credits for fuel-efficiency buses have been the focus of the EPA's series hydraulic hybrid standards, and emission certification. Each is discussed in program over the past 5+ years.
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From page 72... ...
In contrast, the credits Fuel Economy Cost for hybrid vehicles, provided by the U.S. Energy Policy Act At least 30% and under 40% 20% of 2005, were direct tax credits for the purchasers of hybrid (23 to 29% reduction in fuel consumption)
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From page 73... ...
Even though the EPA and the NHTSA introduced their economy improvements of hybrid vehicles, these procedures NPRM on October 25, 2010, providing test procedures for could provide a means, in lieu of the previously generated CO2 emissions and fuel consumption for hybrid heavy-duty IRS guidance for truck purchasers, to obtain tax credits, if trucks, a manufacturer still needs a certificate of conformity such credits are reinstated. that the vehicle's internal combustion engine meets the Two different classes of emissions, GHG emissions and EPA criteria emissions standards for heavy-duty engines, a "criteria pollutants," are referred to in this section.
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From page 74... ...
35 $220,000 137,500 6.0 9.1 Urban Transit Bus Series electric hybrid Table 6-16 ($22,000) 0.9 With federal subsidy of incremental cost $39,000f 30 50,000 4.25 3.7 Class 8 Refuse Hauler Parallel hybrid electric Table 4-9 25 $30,000 50,000 4.25 3.4 Class 8 Refuse Hauler Parallel hydraulic hybrid Table 6-10 50 50,000 4.25 Class 8 Refuse Hauler Series hydraulic hybrid N/A N/A Table 4-9 NOTE: The break-even period is calculated on the basis of a fuel cost of $3.00/gal.
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From page 75... ...
Heavy-duty hybrid components tend to be costly because they are not designed or optimized for the application and are Summary of Revised Heavy-Duty Hybrids Goal 2 -- Inverter produced in low volumes. Fuel-economy improvements of Design/Power Electronics: Develop technologies that will heavy-duty hybrid vehicles have not achieved the 60 percent improve the cycle life of critical components within the improvement goal (38 percent reduction in fuel consumption)
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From page 76... ...
fied earlier by the 21CTP as necessary for achieving com mercially viable heavy-duty hybrid vehicles. Although the Summary of Revised Heavy-Duty Hybrids Goal 5 -- Hybrid 21CTP did not provide specific plans for achieving the six System Optimization, Heavy Duty: An overarching goal is to new revised goals, a significant budget is expected to be develop and demonstrate heavy-duty hybrid system technol- required through the target dates specified in the goals.
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From page 77... ...
2010. Multi-Year Program Plan 2011stretch goals for heavy-duty hybrid vehicles in accordance 2015.
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