International Animal Research Regulations Impact on Neuroscience Research: Workshop Summary (2012) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
5 Advancing the 3Rs in Neuroscience Research
5 Advancing the 3Rs in Neuroscience Research
Pages 43-54
The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.
From page 43... ...
Speakers also discussed how systematic reviews could be applied to preclinical research to help advance the 3Rs. Sue Barnett, professor of cellular neuroscience at the University of Glasgow, opened this session with a brief introduction to the 3Rs, the framework for the humane use of animals in research first articulated by Russell and Burch in 1959 (Box 5-1)
|
From page 44... ...
Using animal models, researchers are studying injecting growth factors, blocking inhibitory signals (e.g., anti-Nogo [described by Lemon]
|
From page 45... ...
Barnett noted that this method is clean, accurate, and consistent, resulting in a cavity and glial scarring that mimics human spinal cord injury. By tracing regenerating axons using fluorescent labeling techniques, Barnett has observed that while many axons enter and fill the lesion site, they have limited ability to grow through the lesion, and few exit and find their target.
|
From page 46... ...
The cells in culture respond to reagents that have been reported to promote axonal growth in rat models of spinal cord injury. This model also could be used to prescreen combinations of biological and pharmacological agents for potential therapy for repair of spinal cord injury.
|
From page 47... ...
A variety of in vivo and in vitro models of epilepsy exist, including spontaneously induced epileptic mouse strains, chemically or physically induced models, and cultured neurons. Woodhall's research relies on a long-established technique called lithium-pilocarpine epileptogenesis, which uses a chemical insult to provoke development of epilepsy over an extended period of time and results in a chronic epileptic syndrome in an animal.
|
From page 48... ...
Meta-analysis has, for example, identified shortcomings of individual trials, identified toxicities that were not significant in a single study, influenced how future trials should be designed, and clarified responses of different subpopulations of patients. Anne Murphy, associate professor at the University of California, San Diego, suggested that systematic reviews of preclinical data and translational animal studies could assist with replacement, refinement, and reduction of animal use in neuroscience research.
|
From page 49... ...
Can Systematic Reviews Assist with the 3Rs? Systematic reviews could also assist with replacement, refinement, and reduction, Murphy suggested.
|
From page 50... ...
Integrating Systematic Review into Preclinical Translational Research In summary, Murphy said, systematic review could be applied to preclinical data in order to improve the overall quality and value of animal studies, support the 3Rs, and inform clinical trials. The path to implementation of systematic reviews as a matter of routine potentially includes the Food and Drug Administration, pharmaceutical companies, research institutions, and publishers.
|
From page 51... ...
In addition, the support for the publication of negative data would enable increased sharing of primary data, regardless of the outcome. IMPACT OF THE 3Rs ON DRUG DISCOVERY AND DEVELOPMENT Jackie Hunter of OI Pharma Partners discussed how the evolving pharmaceutical industry may change animal research, specifically, how human studies could lead to opportunities for increased application of the 3Rs and how changes in business models could lead to greater data sharing and hence, opportunities for reduction in the numbers of animals used as well.
|
From page 52... ...
The NEWMEDS Consortium, for example, is working to develop both new preclinical models and translational experimental medicinal models for schizophrenia and depression. In summary, Hunter stressed that advances in technology and creative approaches to precompetitive collaboration and data sharing are providing real opportunities to refine animal models.
|
From page 53... ...
• Reduction is often a "by-product" of refinement. Systematic Reviews • ystematic reviews of preclinical data could potentially: S o mprove the quality and value of animal studies and support the 3Rs.
|
Key Terms
This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More
information on Chapter Skim is available.