Testing of Body Armor Materials Phase III (2012) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix J Contemporary Methods for Assessing Behind-Armor Blunt Trauma in Live Animals
Appendix J Contemporary Methods for Assessing Behind-Armor Blunt Trauma in Live Animals
Pages 305-315
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Each animal is examined by autopsy using a standard procedure including photography, with specific attention directed to the thoracic organs and the presence of trauma to the abdominal viscera. This is the protocol followed by the NATO group and is not a protocol that will allow observations of pressure waves or measurement of pressure transmission and pathophysiology of organs such as brain, heart, and intestines.
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Theory and model studies cannot predict long-term consequence for blunt trauma to live organisms. Pathology Conventional gross and microscopic histopathology studies should be routine at the termination of animal studies.
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; Axonal damage in the brain stem and corpus callosum with local edema and water diffusion changes; Brain surface contusion before frank edema occurs; Brain blood flow changes; Local brain blood volume changes due to local vascular dilatation or vascular tears at the cortical-skull boundary (epidural and subdural hematomas less than 5 mm wide)
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, pressure impulse transmitted from the periphery to the brain, or ischemic damage from other causes can be detected by MRI diffusion weighted imaging sequences by fluid attenuation inversion recovery, and possibly by T1-weighted protocols. Hemorrhage.
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PET and SPECT Imaging Metabolic and quantitative flow imaging using positron emission tomography or single photon tomography can provide sensitive metrics of pathological changes in most of the body organs of medium to large animals. The methods are noninvasive and can be repeated over the course of hours or days.
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The longer term as well as short term changes in heart contractions are unknown but will be important to determine for current and future protective vest designs. Thus in some experiments direct and continuous measurements of intrathoracic cardiac and aortic pressures and dimensions are recommended using radiotelemetry.
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. An imaging method that shows tissue anatomy based on water content and local environment characteristics.
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The negative pressure relative to atmospheric pressure experienced by personnel following the blast pressure from an explosion. Young's modulus.
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2005. A pig model with secondary increase of intracranial pressure after severe traumatic brain injury and temporary blood loss.
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2009. Advances in neuroimaging of traumatic brain injury and posttraumatic stress disorder.
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Prognostic and therapeutic implications of transcranial Doppler sonography evaluation. Journal of Neurosurgical Sciences 46(1)
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