Improving Food Safety Through a One Health Approach Workshop Summary (2012) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix D: Glossary
Appendix D: Glossary
Pages 377-384
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From page 377... ...
. Avian influenza: Highly variable influenza A of birds caused by any of the subtypes of the causative orthomyxovirus of which some strains have been or may be transmitted to other vertebrates, including humans, especially after undergoing mutation.
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From page 378... ...
Campylobacter: A genus of slender spirally curved rod bacteria of the family Spirillaceae that are Gram-negative, microaerophilic, and motile with a charac teristic motion resembling a corkscrew, that do not form spores, and that include forms formerly included in the genera Spirillum or Vibrio of which some are pathogenic for domestic animals or humans. Clostridium: A genus of saprophytic rod-shaped or spindle-shaped usually Grampositive bacteria of the family Bacillaceae that are anaerobic or require very little free oxygen and are nearly cosmopolitan in soil, water, sewage, and animal and human intestines, that are very active biochemically comprising numerous fermenters of carbohydrates with vigorous production of acid and gas, many nitrogen fixers, and others that rapidly putrefy proteins, and that include important pathogens.
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From page 379... ...
and in medicine and genetics as a research organism and that occurs in various strains that may live as harmless inhabitants of the human lower intestine or may produce a toxin causing intestinal illness. Food-borne diseases: Disease caused by consuming contaminated foods or beverages.
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From page 380... ...
Hendra virus: A paramyxovirus that causes encephalitis in humans and is transmitted from animals. Hepatitis A: An acute usually benign hepatitis caused by a single-stranded RNA virus of the family Picornaviridae that does not persist in the blood serum and is transmitted especially in food and water contaminated with infected fecal matter.
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From page 381... ...
The IHR, which entered into force on June 15, 2007, require countries to report certain disease outbreaks and public health events to the WHO. Building on the unique experience of the WHO in global disease surveillance, alert and response, the IHR define the rights and obligations of countries to report public health events, and establish a number of procedures that the WHO must follow in its work to uphold global public health security (http://www.who.int/topics/ international_health_regulations/en/)
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From page 382... ...
Public health: The art and science of dealing with the protection and improvement of community health by organized community effort and including preventive medicine and sanitary and social health. Quinolones: Class of purely synthetic antibiotics that inhibit the replication of bacterial DNA; includes ciprofloxacin and fluoroquinolone.
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From page 383... ...
: Any of various nucleic acids that contain ribose and uracil as structural components and are associated with the control of cellular chemical activities. Salmonella: A group of bacteria that cause typhoid fever, food poisoning, and enteric fever from contaminated food products.
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From page 384... ...
Zoonoses: Microbes that are naturally transmitted between animals and humans that cause disease in human populations but can be perpetuated solely in nonhuman host animals (e.g., influenza, rabies)
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Key Terms
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