TRB Special Report 309: Evaluating the Effectiveness of Offshore Safety and Environmental Management Systems (2012) / Chapter Skim
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2 Role of Safety and Environmental Management Systems in Establishing a Culture of Safety
2 Role of Safety and Environmental Management Systems in Establishing a Culture of Safety
Pages 38-51
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From page 38... ...
The National Commission on the BP Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill and Offshore Drilling (2011) observed: The record shows that without effective government oversight, the off shore oil and gas industry will not adequately reduce the risk of accidents, nor prepare effectively to respond in emergencies.
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From page 39... ...
. Because a SEMS program cannot reliably control what people choose to do on the job, the mere existence of a documented SEMS plan is not suf ficient to ensure prevention of major accidents.
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From page 40... ...
Refineries Independent Safety Review Panel 2007; CAIB 2003; CSB 2007; Cullen 1990; National Commission on the BP Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill and Offshore Drilling 2011) , the existence of an effective safety culture is fundamental to the creation of a safe work environment.
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From page 41... ...
NRC) created a policy outlining its expectation that individuals and organiza tions performing regulated activities establish and maintain a positive safety culture commensurate with the safety and security significance of their activities and the nature and complexity of their organizations and functions.
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From page 42... ...
are integrated with objective processes and systems. It is this integration and collaboration that support effective safety performance.
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From page 43... ...
The SEMS plan and supporting documentation correspond to the organization–able-to quadrant. Without an effective SEMS (or SEMSlike)
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From page 44... ...
, and • Actions that establish safety norms by encouraging people to act properly even when no one is looking or when it is not in their immediate best interest. To build a culture of safety from the individual's level there must be • Mechanisms that build competency by developing individual knowledge and skill (SEMS' requirements for training, operating procedures, and safe work practices)
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From page 45... ...
A poorly designed and implemented SEMS program can work against creating the conditions needed for a healthy safety culture to develop. Conversely, effective implementation of a SEMS program is expected to have a positive impact on the safety culture of companies operating on the U.S.
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From page 46... ...
People in the organization must actually use the SEMS program and improve its implementation on a continuing basis. Thus, auditing of SEMS programs should extend beyond verifying the existence of a SEMS program -- and the existence of documentation that supports its use -- to assuring that what is described in the SEMS plan is actually the way people in the organization think and work.2 Effective measurement of the efficacy of a SEMS program must extend beyond verifying the paper records of the program to examining how the SEMS plan is used to guide what individuals in the organization do to ensure safe and environmentally responsible operations.
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From page 47... ...
The goals of SEMS programs are to improve both occupational and process safety. Are metrics that permit verification of the SEMS plan being recorded and tracked?
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From page 48... ...
For example, issuing INCs for failure to comply with prescriptive regulations leads to an attitude that compliance equals safety and does not influence behavior beyond the minimum standard. Because tacit knowledge exceeds explicit knowledge by several times, it is not possible to define a set of rules that, if followed exhaustively, will create safety.
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From page 49... ...
The industry has specifically focused on significantly improved occupational safety over the past few decades. Accomplishing this improvement required not only new processes (such as job safety analysis)
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From page 50... ...
However, organizations with a good occupational safety record are not necessarily managing largescale risks -- that is, system safety or process safety -- appropriately, as illustrated in the Macondo well–Deepwater Horizon catastrophe (see NAENRC 2011)
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From page 51... ...
The remainder of this report contains the committee's justification and recommendations for how BSEE can assess the effectiveness of an operator's SEMS program while simultaneously promoting development of a fundamental transformation of the industry's safety culture. The report describes an approach that the committee believes will guide BSEE in playing a critical role in helping the industry transform its safety culture, with the goal of making the risk of working offshore as low as reasonably practicable (ALARP)
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