Assuring the U.S. Department of Defense a Strong Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) Workforce (2012) / Chapter Skim
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3 The STEM Workforce in the Defense Industrial Base, Within DOD, and Overall
3 The STEM Workforce in the Defense Industrial Base, Within DOD, and Overall
Pages 37-82
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From page 37... ...
are found in the two studies that include only those with at least a bachelor's degree. In terms of occupations, all of the estimates in Table 3-1 include biological, agricultural, and environmental life scientists; computer and mathematical scientists; engineers; and physical scientists.2 Architects, social scientists, STEM managers, STEM postsecondary teachers, STEM sales 1Measures of the STEM workforce presented in this chapter are based on those working in occupations defined as STEM.
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STEM employment in the United States over the period 1950-2000 saw dramatic shifts in the distribution of the workforce across occupational groups, most notably the shift away from engineering occupations and into mathematics and information technology occupations; these changes were likely due to a combination of changes in the demand for software developers relative to hardware engineers and changes over time in the way occupations in the census were defined. 3Includes sales engineers and sales representatives for technical and scientific products.
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The STEM growth rate in the 1990s was a little more than three times that of the overall labor force. THE STEM WORKFORCE IN THE DEFENSE INDUSTRIAL BASE, WITHIN DOD, AND OVERALL 39 Exhibit 1.
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, aggregating "typically increases forecast accuracy because random errors and movements between the occupations in the aggregate are averaged out." Using information from the Bureau of Labor Statistics' Employment Projections Program, Table 3-3 in the annex, and Figure 3-3 show 2010 estimated employment and projections to 2020 for the following STEM occupational groups -- life sciences, physical sciences, engineering, mathematics and information technology, social sciences, STEM managers, and STEM technicians.5,6 STEM managers "[p] lan, direct, or coordinate activities" (Bureau of Labor Statistics, undated)
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The share of the STEM workforce in engineering occupations is expected to decline to less than 20 percent by 2020. Although less dramatic, these changes follow the same general pattern of 1950-2000 STEM employment changes as presented in CPST (2006a)
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In examining the defense industrial base, the Aerospace Industries Association (AIA) defines the aerospace and defense industry as (1)
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Life sciences and social sciences collectively represent less than 0.2 percent of the defense industrial base STEM workforce. Information from the Bureau of Labor Statistics' Employment Projections Program can be used to examine the anticipated growth of STEM employment in the defense industrial base.
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According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics' reporting standards for these estimates, these are instances in which the group has fewer than 50 jobs, the data are confidential, or the quality of the data is too poor to report. The "percent of industry" columns in Tables 3-4 and 3-5 show occupational employment as a percent of total industry employment and are useful for understanding which occupations are or are projected to be the most common in the aerospace products and parts manufacturing industry.
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The aforementioned American Community Survey data can also be used to examine the educational attainment and age of the STEM workforce in the defense industrial base. Based on this data, more than 70 percent of the 2010 defense industrial base STEM workforce is estimated to have a bachelor's degree (45 percent)
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. Additional information on the defense industrial base workforce is available in the 2011 edition of the annual Aviation Week Workforce Study (Hedden, 2011)
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to the recent recession, and retirements may increase as the economy improves. In terms of hiring in the aerospace and defense industry, the companies included in the Aviation Week study reported that they planned to hire close to 32,000 people in 2011, which represents about 5.7 percent of the 2010 aerospace and defense workforce in these companies.
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In requesting DOD personnel records, the committee provided DMDC with a list of STEM occupations to include in the data files. This list was based on occupations used in a 2008 National Science Foundation study of federal civilian scientists and engineers (National Science Foundation and Division of Science Resources Statistics, 2008)
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. The NSF study groups these 80+ OPM occupational series codes into five major occupational groups -- computer and mathematical scientist, engineer, life scientist, physical scientist, and social scientist -- and these major occupational groups are broken down into 19 minor occupational groups.19 Table 3-9, in the annex, shows the crosswalk between major and minor STEM occupational groups and OPM occupational series codes, as it has been applied to the study at hand.20 Using information provided by DMDC and supplemented by FedScope, the committee examined the size and composition of the DOD civilian STEM workforce.21 Over the past 5 years there has been a slight increase in the percent of total DOD civilian employment that is STEM, increasing from 18.4 percent in 2007 to 19.4 percent in 2011 (see Figure 3-10)
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Tabulations by the National Research Council. 70% Engineers DOD civilian STEM employment as percent of federal civilian STEM 60% Computer and math scientists 50% employment STEM 40% Social scientists 30% Physical scientists 20% Life scientists 10% 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 FIGURE 3-11 Department of Defense civilian STEM 3-11.eps employment as a percent of federal civilian STEM employment by major occupational group, 2007-2011.
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In fact, for both the civilian STEM workforce in the DOD and the STEM workforce in the aerospace products and parts manufacturing industry, more than 80 percent of the workforce is engineers and computer and mathematical scientists, illustrating the importance of these fields both inside DOD and in the organizations that support DOD. For 2011 DOD civilian STEM employment by OPM occupational series code, see Table 3-9, in the annex.
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While social scientists make up less than 9 percent of the DOD civilian STEM workforce, 7 of the 20 fastest growing occupations are in the social scientist occupational group. Looking at the other occupational groups, the fastest growing occupation in the computer and mathematical scientist occupational group is 1550-Computer Science (6 percent annual growth)
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, with a majority of those in engineering having a bachelor's degree and a majority of those in the physical sciences having a graduate degree. 100 Percent of DOD civilian STEM workforce 90 Doctoral degree 19.4% 20.5% 20.9% 20.8% 21.0% 21.1% 22.8% 23.4% 24.0% 24.8% 25.2% 80 Master's degree 70 60 Professional degree 51.1% 50.9% 50.5% 50.3% 49.9% 51.2% 49.7% 50 49.4% 48.8% 47.9% 48.3% 40 Bachelor's degree 30 Less than bachelor's degree 20 24.7% 23.7% 23.8% 23.7% 23.9% 23.0% 22.4% 22.2% 22.2% 22.2% 21.5% 10 Degree unknown 0 11 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 FIGURE 3-15 Highest degree attained for Department of Defense civilian STEM workforce, 2001-2011.
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Roughly half of the DOD civilian STEM workforce have at most a bachelor's degree, and close to 30 percent have a graduate degree; the remaining one-fifth, with less than a bachelor's degree, are concentrated in computer and mathematical scientist occupations. The committee also examined fields of study for those with a postsecondary degree (i.e., those with an associate's degree or higher)
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Comparing Figure 3-17 to Figure 3-8, the most recent age distribution in the STEM civilian workforce is strikingly similar to the age distribution in the aerospace and defense industry. Examining the most recent age distribution of the DOD civilian STEM workforce by occupational group shows that the oldest group is physical scientists, while the youngest group is engineers (Figure 3-18; see also Table 3-20, in the annex)
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50 45 Percent of DOD civilian STEM workforce eligible to retire 40 34.7% 35.5% 35.4% 33.6% 33.4% 33.9% 33.7% 33.5% 34.1% 33.0% 32.3% 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 FIGURE 3-19 Retirement eligibility of Department of Defense civilian STEM workforce, 2001-2011. NOTE: Figures are as of the fiscal year-end (September 30, 2011)
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and for the private sector Separation rates 0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12% 14% Computer and mathematical scientist 2.2% 3.6% 1.8% Engineer 1.5% 2.2% Life scientist 1.5% 3.0% 1.1% 2.1% Physical scientist 1.4% 3.8% 1.5% Social scientist 4.9% 1.9% 2.1% 3.5% DoD civilian STEM workforce 2.0% 2.8% 1.5% Quit Retirement Reduction in Force (RIF) Termination or Removal Transfer Death/Other FIGURE 3-21 Department of Defense civilian STEM separation rates by type and major occupational group, 2011.
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The defense industrial base has made good strides toward creating a process for generating and sharing information on the defense industrial base workforce, most notably through the annual Aviation Week Workforce Study, which is in association with the Aerospace Industries Association, the American Institute of Aeronautics and 26Bureau of Labor Statistics, Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (www.bls.gov/jlt/)
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Recommendation 3-1. The DOD should form a working group with the defense industrial base, perhaps as an activity of the DOD's STEM Board of Directors, to develop a definitive, comprehensive survey of the defense industrial base workforce to facilitate the management of this workforce, forecast critical needs, and respond to workforce challenges as they relate to matters of national defense.
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Defense Industrial Base. Washington, D.C.: The National Academies Press.
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· S&E postsecondary teachers National Science · Biological, agricultural, and No Bureau of 2009 5,786,000 Foundation environmental life scientists education Labor Statistics' · Computer and mathematical scientists requirement Occupational · Engineers Employment · Physical scientists Statistics (OES) · Social scientists · S&E postsecondary teachers National Science · Biological, agricultural, and No Census Bureau's 2009 6,416,000 Foundation environmental life scientists education American · Computer and mathematical scientists requirement Community Survey · Engineers (ACS)
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The replacement rate equals the number of job openings due to replacement needs expected over the 10-year period as a percentage of 2010 employment. Projected job openings are due to the combination of growth and replacement needs.
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no employment counts were provided in the raw data for an entire occupational group because the group has fewer than 50 jobs, confidential data, or poor quality data.
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In some instances (indicated by "N/A") no employment counts were provided in the raw data for an entire occupational group, because the group has fewer than 50 jobs, confidential data, or poor quality data.
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TABLE 3-8 Retirements and Retirement Eligibility of the Aerospace and Defense Industry Workforce by Company Size for 2010, 2011, 2012, and 2016 2010 2011 2012 2016 Company Size Percent Retiring Eligible to Retire Projected Percent Eligible to Retire 50,000+ 1.6 14.5 17.2 20.1 32.3 10,000-49,999 1.3 14.2 16.7 19.6 33.0 1,000-9,999 1.1 16.4 16.7 19.1 29.1 Under 1,000 1.2 2.8 1.4 1.7 3.2 SOURCE: Data from Hedden (2011)
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66 ASSURING DOD A STRONG STEM WORKFORCE TABLE 3-9 Crosswalk Between STEM Major and Minor Occupational Groups and OPM Occupational Series and Department of Defense Civilian STEM Employment by OPM Occupational Series, 2011 STEM Occupational 2011 Percent of 2011 Group OPM Occupational Series Employment Employment Computer and mathematical scientist: 52,657 Computer/ 1550-COMPUTER SCIENCE 5,384 3.6% information 1670-EQUIPMENT SERVICES 6,418 4.2% scientist 2210-INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT 35,946 23.8% Mathematical 1515-OPERATIONS RESEARCH 3,879 2.6% scientist 1520-MATHEMATICS 836 0.6% 1529-MATHEMATICAL STATISTICS 64 0.0% 1530-STATISTICS 130 0.1% 1541-CRYPTANALYSIS 0 0.0% Engineer: 71,123 Aerospace engineer 0861-AEROSPACE ENGINEERING 4,090 2.7% Chemical engineer 0893-CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 834 0.6% Civil engineer 0810-CIVIL ENGINEERING 8,187 5.4% Electrical/ 0850-ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING 3,349 2.2% electronics/ 0854-COMPUTER ENGINEERING 3,366 2.2% computer engineer 0855-ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING 17,238 11.4% Industrial engineer 0803-SAFETY ENGINEERING 324 0.2% 0804-FIRE PROTECTION ENGINEERING 102 0.1% 0896-INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING 1,167 0.8% Mechanical 0830-MECHANICAL ENGINEERING 10,920 7.2% engineer Other engineer 0801-GENERAL ENGINEERING 15,470 10.2% 0806-MATERIALS ENGINEERING 819 0.5% 0819-ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2,186 1.4% 0840-NUCLEAR ENGINEERING 2,136 1.4% 0858-BIOENGINEERING & BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 76 0.1% 0871-NAVAL ARCHITECTURE 815 0.5% 0880-MINING ENGINEERING 1 0.0% 0881-PETROLEUM ENGINEERING 1 0.0% 0890-AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING 6 0.0% 0892-CERAMIC ENGINEERING*
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THE STEM WORKFORCE IN THE DEFENSE INDUSTRIAL BASE, WITHIN DOD, AND OVERALL 67 TABLE 3-9 Continued STEM Occupational 2011 Percent of 2011 Group OPM Occupational Series Employment Employment Life scientist: 6,944 Agricultural/food 0028-ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION SPECIALIST 2,005 1.3% scientist 0406-AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION* 0 0.0% 0437-HORTICULTURE 1 0.0% 0454-RANGELAND MANAGEMENT 6 0.0% 0457-SOIL CONSERVATION 4 0.0% 0470-SOIL SCIENCE 4 0.0% 0471-AGRONOMY 19 0.0% 0487-ANIMAL SCIENCE 1 0.0% Biological scientist 0401-GENERAL NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT AND 3,943 2.6% BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 0403-MICROBIOLOGY 318 0.2% 0405-PHARMACOLOGY 29 0.0% 0408-ECOLOGY 124 0.1% 0410-ZOOLOGY 2 0.0% 0413-PHYSIOLOGY 119 0.1% 0414-ENTOMOLOGY 42 0.0% 0415-TOXICOLOGY 50 0.0% 0430-BOTANY 18 0.0% 0434-PLANT PATHOLOGY 1 0.0% 0435-PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 1 0.0% 0440-GENETICS 1 0.0% 0482-FISH BIOLOGY 94 0.1% 0486-WILDLIFE BIOLOGY 162 0.1% Physical scientist: 7,381 Chemist, except 1320-CHEMISTRY 1,580 1.0% biochemist Earth/atmospheric/ 1310-PHYSICS 1,680 1.1% ocean scientist 1313-GEOPHYSICS 80 0.1% 1315-HYDROLOGY 68 0.0% 1330-ASTRONOMY AND SPACE SCIENCE 96 0.1% 1340-METEOROLOGY 318 0.2% 1350-GEOLOGY 367 0.2% 1360-OCEANOGRAPHY 279 0.2% 1372-GEODESY 10 0.0% continued
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. OPM occupations with 1 percent or more of DOD STEM employment are highlighted in boldface.
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1/N 1, where N is the number of periods that have elapsed between the beginning and ending values. SOURCE: Data provided by the Defense Manpower Data Center.
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Tabulations by the National Research Council. TABLE 3-12 Department of Defense 20 Fastest-Growing Civilian STEM Occupations, 2001-2011 Annual Growth OPM Occupational Series Rate, 2001-2011 0130-FOREIGN AFFAIRS 11.3% 0150-GEOGRAPHY 10.6% 0401-GENERAL NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 7.9% 0132-INTELLIGENCE 7.6% 0858-BIOENGINEERING & BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 6.6% 1550-COMPUTER SCIENCE 6.0% 0180-PSYCHOLOGY 5.6% 0854-COMPUTER ENGINEERING 5.6% 0131-INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS 5.4% 0101-SOCIAL SCIENCE 5.3% 0804-FIRE PROTECTION ENGINEERING 4.8% 0850-ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING 4.7% 0801-GENERAL ENGINEERING 4.3% 0193-ARCHEOLOGY 4.1% 1306-HEALTH PHYSICS 4.1% 2210-INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT 3.7% 1515-OPERATIONS RESEARCH 3.5% 0840-NUCLEAR ENGINEERING 3.5% 0482-FISH BIOLOGY 3.4% 0830-MECHANICAL ENGINEERING 3.0% NOTE: Figures are as of the fiscal year-end (September 30, 2011)
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TABLE 3-13 Department of Defense Civilian STEM Employment by OPM Occupational Series, 2001-2011 Annual STEM Growth Occupational Rate, 2001Group OPM Occupational Series 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2011 Computer and mathematical scientist Computer/ 1550-COMPUTER SCIENCE 3,012 3,442 3,734 3,907 4,025 4,150 4,266 4,452 4,815 5,176 5,384 6.0% information 1670-EQUIPMENT SERVICES 5,771 5,791 5,612 5,473 5,725 5,656 5,701 5,914 6,212 6,427 6,418 1.1% scientist 2210-INFORMATION 24,897 27,487 27,745 27,952 28,261 28,162 27,247 28,225 30,567 34,283 35,946 3.7% TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT Mathematical 1515-OPERATIONS RESEARCH 2,745 2,756 2,813 2,868 2,927 2,966 3,020 3,200 3,465 3,770 3,879 3.5% scientist 1520-MATHEMATICS 1,010 981 955 917 876 826 807 811 834 835 836 -1.9% 1529-MATHEMATICAL 60 56 56 53 50 49 47 50 50 59 64 0.6% STATISTICS 1530-STATISTICS 109 111 110 114 104 106 114 119 139 143 130 1.8% 1541-CRYPTANALYSIS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0% Engineer Aerospace 0861-AEROSPACE 3,421 3,536 3,631 3,621 3,559 3,520 3,543 3,644 3,865 4,052 4,090 1.8% engineer ENGINEERING Chemical 0893-CHEMICAL 674 731 770 788 785 769 765 803 843 845 834 2.2% engineer ENGINEERING Civil 0810-CIVIL ENGINEERING 6,836 6,914 6,984 6,787 6,522 6,384 6,314 6,554 7,621 8,174 8,187 1.8% engineer Electrical/ 0850-ELECTRICAL 2,113 2,276 2,405 2,447 2,441 2,478 2,514 2,633 2,949 3,266 3,349 4.7% electronics/ ENGINEERING computer 0854-COMPUTER 1,961 2,285 2,518 2,804 2,916 2,919 2,981 3,059 3,212 3,361 3,366 5.6% engineer ENGINEERING 0855-ELECTRONICS 17,060 17,293 17,484 17,386 17,167 16,994 16,687 16,614 17,011 17,513 17,238 0.1% ENGINEERING Industrial 0803-SAFETY ENGINEERING 284 277 299 294 293 303 295 300 303 324 324 1.3% engineer 0804-FIRE PROTECTION 64 76 87 81 75 73 72 68 83 96 102 4.8% ENGINEERING 0896-INDUSTRIAL 1,053 1,072 1,043 1,016 1,012 1,004 984 959 1,045 1,173 1,167 1.0% ENGINEERING 71 continued
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0894-WELDING 39 38 39 45 43 44 42 46 37 15 0 - ENGINEERING* 1321-METALLURGY 65 62 61 55 49 48 40 36 38 37 36 -5.7% Life scientist Agricultural/ 0028-ENVIRONMENTAL 2,120 2,136 2,149 2,110 2,063 2,001 1,934 1,966 2,038 2,094 2,005 -0.6% food scientist PROTECTION SPECIALIST 0406-AGRICULTURAL 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - EXTENSION*
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0470-SOIL SCIENCE 6 7 8 8 6 5 4 5 4 4 4 -4.0% 0471-AGRONOMY 31 28 28 26 25 21 21 20 20 18 19 -4.8% 0487-ANIMAL SCIENCE 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 0.0% Biological 0401-GENERAL NATURAL 1,843 1,992 2,107 2,226 2,402 2,615 2,908 3,313 3,727 3,889 3,943 7.9% scientist RESOURCES MANAGEMENT AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 0403-MICROBIOLOGY 258 275 266 287 297 300 297 303 323 316 318 2.1% 0405-PHARMACOLOGY 25 26 21 23 25 26 25 25 26 29 29 1.5% 0408-ECOLOGY 126 115 121 124 122 117 111 113 125 124 124 -0.2% 0410-ZOOLOGY 5 6 5 5 5 4 3 3 2 2 2 -8.8% 0413-PHYSIOLOGY 106 109 106 114 114 117 112 117 120 120 119 1.2% 0414-ENTOMOLOGY 48 51 56 51 48 44 43 37 35 41 42 -1.3% 0415-TOXICOLOGY 38 42 45 50 47 48 52 52 51 54 50 2.8% 0430-BOTANY 20 20 20 18 18 18 17 17 20 20 18 -1.0% 0434-PLANT PATHOLOGY 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0.0% 0435-PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0.0% 0440-GENETICS 2 2 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 -6.7% 0482-FISH BIOLOGY 67 70 72 73 77 73 70 74 84 89 94 3.4% 0486-WILDLIFE BIOLOGY 126 132 131 133 139 131 136 144 149 162 162 2.5% Physical scientist Chemist, 1320-CHEMISTRY 1,529 1,514 1,502 1,511 1,499 1,475 1,467 1,510 1,553 1,586 1,580 0.3% except biochemist Earth/ 1310-PHYSICS 1,824 1,841 1,811 1,768 1,711 1,671 1,661 1,647 1,700 1,751 1,680 -0.8% atmospheric/ 1313-GEOPHYSICS 101 105 102 98 97 97 91 86 85 83 80 -2.3% ocean scientist 1315-HYDROLOGY 74 77 75 82 77 74 70 67 72 72 68 -0.8% 1330-ASTRONOMY AND 117 115 109 107 101 100 99 93 95 97 96 -2.0% SPACE SCIENCE 1340-METEOROLOGY 280 273 281 284 284 286 284 288 293 314 318 1.3% 1350-GEOLOGY 316 323 329 320 304 293 288 309 352 360 367 1.5% 1360-OCEANOGRAPHY 322 317 317 301 302 288 277 283 288 300 279 -1.4% 1372-GEODESY 7 7 7 7 7 6 7 8 8 8 10 3.6% 73 continued
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TABLE 3-13 Continued 74 Annual STEM Growth Occupational Rate, 2001Group OPM Occupational Series 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2011 Other 1301-GENERAL PHYSICAL 1,828 1,870 1,923 1,987 1,950 1,956 1,921 2,015 2,255 2,406 2,410 2.8% physical SCIENCE scientist 1306-HEALTH PHYSICS 331 329 347 341 354 369 378 409 440 475 493 4.1% Social scientist Economics/ 0110-ECONOMIST 252 255 254 249 240 226 210 225 236 241 247 -0.2% business 0135-FOREIGN 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - AGRICULTURAL AFFAIRS 1140-TRADE SPECIALIST 2 2 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 1146-AGRICULTURAL 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - MARKETING 1147-AGRICULTURAL 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - MARKET REPORTING 2110-TRANSPORTATION 0 3 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 - INDUSTRY ANALYSIS Political 0130-FOREIGN AFFAIRS 178 195 195 208 215 241 280 329 390 439 518 11.3% scientist 0131-INTERNATIONAL 93 100 109 108 112 114 112 129 135 148 157 5.4% RELATIONS Psychologist 0180-PSYCHOLOGY 923 917 915 938 968 1,011 1,006 1,062 1,201 1,425 1,589 5.6% Sociologist/ 0184-SOCIOLOGY 6 7 8 7 4 6 5 5 9 14 12 7.2% anthropologist 0190-GENERAL 30 29 33 34 37 40 39 37 37 43 40 2.9% ANTHROPOLOGY Other social 0101-SOCIAL SCIENCE 2,085 2,146 2,198 2,176 2,376 2,446 2,389 2,693 2,879 3,286 3,503 5.3% scientist 0106-UNEMPLOYMENT -- - INSURANCE 0132-INTELLIGENCE 3,181 3,363 3,712 3,900 4,191 4,417 4,735 4,940 5,148 5,477 6,619 7.6% 0136-INTERNATIONAL 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 1 1 1 - COOPERATION
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SOURCE: Data provided by the Defense Manpower Data Center. Tabulations by the National Research Council.
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. SOURCE: Data provided by the Defense Manpower Data Center.
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Instructional programs are based on an individual's highest educational attainment from an accredited institution. SOURCE: Data provided by the Defense Manpower Data Center.
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SOURCE: Data provided by the Defense Manpower Data Center. Tabulations by the National Research Council.
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SOURCE: Data provided by the Defense Manpower Data Center. Tabulations by the National Research Council.
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TABLE 3-20 Age Distribution of Department of Defense Civilian STEM Workforce by Major Occupational Group, 2011 Median Average Year 22-25 26-30 31-35 36-40 41-45 46-50 51-55 56-60 61-65 66+ Age Age Computer and 2.2% 6.9% 9.6% 9.7% 13.1% 20.0% 19.3% 12.1% 5.5% 1.6% 48 46.3 mathematical scientist Engineer 6.6% 12.3% 11.1% 7.6% 10.0% 18.8% 17.1% 9.3% 4.8% 2.3% 46 44.0 Life scientist 2.3% 7.4% 11.3% 11.6% 12.8% 14.9% 16.1% 14.0% 7.7% 1.9% 47 46.2 Physical scientist 2.3% 7.3% 9.6% 9.4% 10.2% 15.9% 18.1% 13.9% 8.1% 5.1% 49 47.7 Social scientist 1.7% 8.4% 12.0% 11.0% 13.5% 16.2% 15.4% 11.9% 7.2% 2.6% 47 45.9 Total DOD civilian 4.2% 9.6% 10.6% 8.9% 11.5% 18.7% 17.7% 10.9% 5.6% 2.2% 47 45.3 STEM employment NOTE: Figures are as of the fiscal year-end (September 30, 2011)
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THE STEM WORKFORCE IN THE DEFENSE INDUSTRIAL BASE, WITHIN DOD, AND OVERALL 81 TABLE 3-21 Department of Defense Occupation Codes Identified as STEM by DMDC DOD Classification Code DOD Classification Code Description 123200 Analysis 169000 Other Mechanical and Electrical Equipment, General 230100 Intelligence, General 240100 Construction and Utilities 240200 Electrical/Electronic 240400 Aviation Maintenance and Allied 240700 Ship Construction and Maintenance 241000 Safety 241100 Chemical 241300 Surveying and Mapping 241400 Engineering and Maintenance Officers, Other 250100 Physical Scientists 250200 Meteorologists 250400 Social Scientists 251000 Mathematicians and Statisticians 251100 Educators and Instructors 260800 Biomedical Sciences and Allied Health Officers 260802 Biomedical Laboratory Services 260803 Environmental Health Services 260805 Pharmacy 260807 Psychology and Social Work 260814 Biochemistry 260829 Psychology, Clinical 270100 Administrators, General 270300 Manpower and Personnel 270500 Data Processing 280200 Supply 280300 Transportation
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