Recommended Dietary Allowances 10th Edition (1989) / Chapter Skim
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Definition and Applications
Definition and Applications
Pages 10-23
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From page 10... ...
From their original application as a guide for advising "on nutrition problems in connection with national defense," RDAs have come to serve other purposes: for planning and procuring food supplies for population subgroups; for interpreting food consumption records of individuals and populations; for establishing standards for food assistance programs; for evaluating the adequacy of food supplies in aRecommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) should not be confused with U.S.
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From page 11... ...
The requirement for infants and children may be equated with the amount that will maintain a satisfactory rate of growth and development; for an adult, it may be equated with an amount that will maintain body weight and prevent depletion of the nutrient from the body, as judged by balance studies and maintenance of acceptable blood and tissue concentrations. For certain nutrients, the requirement may be the amount that will prevent failure of a specific function or the development of specific deficiency signs an amount that may differ greatly from that required to maintain body stores.
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From page 12... ...
The RDA for energy reflects the mean population requirement for each age group. Energy needs vary from person to person; however, an additional allowance to cover this variation would be inappropriate because it could lead to obesity in the person with average requirements.
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From page 13... ...
The subcommittee that prepared the ninth edition of the RDAs created the category "Safe and Adequate Intakes" for nutrients with data bases insufficient for developing an RDA, but for which potentially toxic upper levels were known. In this category were three vitamins (vitamin K, biotin, and pantothenic acid)
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From page 14... ...
On the whole, the RDA committees tend to err on the side of generosity, since there is little evidence that small surpluses of nutrients are detrimental, whereas consistent uncompensated deficits, even small ones, over a long period can lead to deficiencies. Deficiency states in humans and animals have been reported for nutrients accorded RDA status.
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From page 15... ...
The heights and weights of the Reference Individuals could have been set at some arbitrary ideal (e.g., 70 kg for adult men and 55 kg for adult women, as in the ninth edition)
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From page 18... ...
When extrapolating from Reference Individuals to specific population groups (e.g., military personnel) , recommendations for nutrient intakes can be obtained by multiplying the number of people within the group by the RDAs for Reference Individuals, making allowances for the body sizes, age clistribution, and physiological state (e.g., pregnant, lactating)
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From page 19... ...
The subcommittee considered subdividing healthy older people into two groups, since increasing age may alter nutritional requirements due to changes in lean body mass, physical activity, and intestinal absorption. However, it concluded that data are insufficient to establish separate RDAs for people 70 years of age and older.
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From page 20... ...
Throughout its existence, the human species has developed regulatory and storage mechanisms that permit it to survive in a variety of environments and to withstand periods of deprivation. These basic biological considerations, coupled with the fact that the RDAs include reasonable margins of safety, are the overriding considerations that should guide the user in applying the RDAs in specific situations.
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From page 21... ...
NUTRITIONAL ALLOWANCES AS GUIDELINES FOR FOOD SUPPLIES AND FOR HEALTH AND WELFARE PROGRAMS The RDAs have been used by federal, state, and local health and welfare agencies as a starting point for determining the desirable nutrient content of foods and meals for school feeding programs, special food services, and various child-feeding programs, and as a basis for licensing and certification standards for such group facilities as day-care centers, nursing homes, and residential homes. The attainment of RDAs should not be the only objective of food procurement or meal design for these programs.
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From page 22... ...
Together, the RDAs and the Diet and Health recommendations should be considered the appropriate basis for diet planning. In planning meals or food supplies, it is technically difficult and biologically unnecessary to design a single day's diet that contains all the RDAs for all the nutrients.
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From page 23... ...
1989. Diet and Health: Implications for Reducing Chronic Disease Risk.
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