The Social Biology of Microbial Communities Workshop Summary (2012) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix D: Glossary
Appendix D: Glossary
Pages 587-594
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From page 587... ...
Significant insights into species richness, structure, composition, and membership of microbial communities have been gained through analysis of small-subunit rRNA gene sequences; these sequences contain hypervariable regions that can provide species-specific signature sequences. PCR amplification with primers that hybridize to highly conserved regions in bacterial or archaeal 16S rRNA genes (or eukaryotic microbial 18S rRNA genes)
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From page 588... ...
: Any of various nucleic acids that are usually the molecular basis of heredity are constructed of a double helix held together by hydrogen bonds between purine and pyrimidine bases which project inward from two chains containing alternate links of deoxyribose and phosphate, and that in eukaryotes are localized chiefly in cell nuclei. Ecology: The scientific study of the relationship between living things and their environments.
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From page 589... ...
and in medicine and genetics as a research organism and that occurs in various strains that may live as harmless inhabitants of the human lower intestine or may produce a toxin causing intestinal illness. Eukaryotic: One of the three domains of life.
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From page 590... ...
Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) : A rare disease that is marked by the formation of thrombi in the capillaries and arterioles especially of the kidney that is characterized clinically by hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and varying degrees of kidney failure and is precipitated by a variety of etiologic factors (such as infection with Escherichia coli or Shigella dysenteriae)
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From page 591... ...
With this information, researchers can gain insights into how members of the microbial community may interact, evolve, and perform complex functions in their habitats. Microbe: A microscopic living organism, such as a bacterium, fungus, protozoan, or virus.
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From page 592... ...
: A scientific technique in molecular biology to amplify a single or a few copies of a piece of DNA across several orders of magnitude, generating thousands to millions of copies of a particular DNA sequence. Polymeric matrix: Cells in a biofilm secrete polymers of varying chemical composition that form an extracellular polymeric substance (EPS)
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From page 593... ...
Salmonella: A group of bacteria that cause typhoid fever, food poisoning, and enteric fever from contaminated food products. Shiga toxinproducing Escherichia coli (STEC)
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From page 594... ...
. Tragedy of the commons: A dilemma arising from the situation in which multiple individuals, acting independently and rationally consulting their own selfinterest, will ultimately deplete a shared limited resource, even when it is clear that it is not in anyone's long-term interest for this to happen.
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