Science for Environmental Protection The Road Ahead (2012) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix C: The Rapidly Expanding Field of Omics Technologies
Appendix C: The Rapidly Expanding Field of Omics Technologies
Pages 215-224
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From page 215... ...
. The ability to derive, quickly and relatively inexpensively, the entire sequence of an organism's genome provides unprecedented opportunities in biologic and ecologic sciences, including the opportunity to understand how environmental factors influence biology at the molecular level.
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From page 216... ...
and promise remarkable increases in sequencing capabilities. Next-generation sequencing instruments have made it possible to sequence huge amounts of DNA quickly, thoroughly, and affordably and have opened opportunities to study a wide array of biologic questions, from the metagenomics of water, to characterization of the genetic basis of species differences in response to environmental insults, to human variability in susceptibility to environmentally related diseases.
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From page 217... ...
It can also detect alternative splicing and can analyze noncoding transcripts and common variants (such as single nucleotide polymorphisms) of genes (so called cSNPs)
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. Proteomics has become a valuable tool for the global analysis of bacterial physiology and pathogenicity, although many challenges remain, especially in the accurate prediction of phenotypic consequences based on a given proteome composition (Chao and Heinsmeyer 2012)
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From page 219... ...
For example, exposure to metals, persistent organic pollutants, and some endocrine disruptors modulate epigenetic markers in mammalian cells and in other environmentally relevant species and have the potential to cause disease (Vandegehuchte and Janssen 2011; Guerrero-Bosagna and Skinner 2012)
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From page 220... ...
Although they did not assess epigenetic changes experimentally, they suggested that epigenetic mechanisms might explain the observed tumors inasmuch as the compound was not genotoxic. EPA has not published many original papers on epigenetics, but the EPA grants database lists 36 extramural research grants to universities across the country that are exploring the role of epigenetics in environmental response (EPA 2012)
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From page 221... ...
In addition, further development of public repositories for data models and software source code would promote the use of common data structures and file formats. To stay at the cutting edge of bioinformatics and take full advantage of its rapid advance, EPA will need a highly skilled bioinformatics workforce that can closely follow the development of trends in bioinformatics tools and software closely.
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2011. Identifying developmental toxicity pathways for a subset of ToxCast chemi cals using human embryonic stem cells and metabolomics.
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2005. Metabolite finger printing in transgenic Nicotiana tabacum altered by the Escherichia coli glutamate dehydrogenase gene.
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2000. Theory for the systemic definition of metabolic pathways and their use in interpreting metabolic function from a pathway-oriented perspective.
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