The National Academies Press

Currently Skimming:

Pages 14-39

The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.

From page 14... ... TABLE 2 APPLICATIONS AND MODES CONSIDERED IN FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION SURVEYS/DATA Application/ Mode Truck/ Highway Rail Air Marine Intermodal/ Cross- modal/ Multimodal Total Infrastructure Capacity Planning 43 26 19 19 27 134 Modeling 39 11 7 6 9 72 Cost-benefit Analysis 24 17 7 10 12 70 Land Use Planning 20 6 8 8 9 51 Operations and/or Safety Analysis 32 17 14 10 15 88 Environmental Impacts 25 16 14 12 16 83 Policy 38 28 24 25 29 144 Total 221 121 93 90 117 642 Several observations may be made regarding this table: The range of applications was broad, with 642 applica-• tions cited. The dominant applications were policy (144 citations) Read the entire page →
From page 15... ... Performance measures and management (from both – user and owner perspectives) Customer satisfaction and marketing among users – Provide "voice" to shippers – Informing plans and policies, including routing, – service coverage areas, bottlenecks, corridor studies, master plans, systems plans, and goods movement action plans Assisting in data fusion and trend analysis (also a – function of the need to collect all types of data) Read the entire page →
From page 16... ... 14 T A B L E 3 S U R V E Y A P P L IC A T IO N S R oa ds id e/ in te rc ep t su rv ey s Te le ph on e M ai lou t/ m ai lba ck C om bi ne d te le ph on e/ m ai lba ck C om m er ci al ve hi cl e tr ip d ia ry su rv ey s In te rn et su rv ey s Pe rs on al in te rvi ew s Fo cu s/ S ta ke ho ld er gr ou ps G P S ve hi cl e tr ac ki ng su rv ey s L ic en se pl at e m at ch – m an ua l L ic en se pl at e m at ch – el ec tr on ic A dm in ist ra ti ve O th er To ta l L an d U se P la nn in g 3 4 1 1 0 1 7 6 1 0 2 0 0 26 In fr as tr uc tu re /F ac il it y P la nn in g 24 9 10 6 0 3 11 12 2 2 3 1 5 88 T ra ffi c S af et y O pe ra ti on s 13 5 4 3 0 3 5 7 2 2 2 1 2 49 D em an d M an ag em en t 17 5 5 2 2 1 7 7 2 0 2 1 1 52 A ir Q ua li ty M an ag em en t 6 3 2 1 1 0 3 4 1 0 0 1 2 24 L og is ti cs P la nn in g 8 3 4 3 0 1 6 6 0 0 1 1 1 34 M od el in g 1 1 2 V al id at io n of O th er D at a 3 1 1 5 R ou ti ng A na ly si s 2 2 E co no m ic I m pa ct /P er fo rm an ce / A ct iv it y 2 2 F ac il it y M an ag em en t 1 1 1 3 C om m un ic at io ns 1 1 2 P ol ic y/ P la nn in g/ P ro gr am m in g 1 1 2 C us to m er S at is fa ct io n/ B us in es s D ev el op m en t/ M ar ke t R es ea rc h 1 1 1 1 1 5 O ut re ac h/ P ot en ti al P ro jec ts /P er ce pt io ns 1 1 2 4 O ri gi nD es ti na ti on D at a fo r F re ig ht 1 1 1 3 V ar ie ty 1 1 2 O th er , N ot S pe ci fi ed 1 1 T ot al 79 34 29 20 4 11 43 43 9 4 10 5 15 30 6 Read the entire page →
From page 17... ... 15 T A B L E 4 IN C ID E N C E O F J O IN T S U R V E Y S R oa ds id e/ in te rc ep t su rv ey s Te le ph on e M ai lou t/ m ai lba ck C om -b in ed te le ph on e/ m ai lba ck C om -m er ci al ve hi cl e tr ip di ar y su rv ey s In te rn et su rv ey s Pe rs on al in te rvi ew s Fo cu s/ S ta ke ho ld er gr ou ps G P S ve hi cl e tr ac ki ng su rv ey s L ic en se pl at e m at ch – m an ua l L ic en se pl at e m at ch – el ec tr on ic A dm in ist ra ti ve O th er To ta l R oa ds id e/ In te rc ep t S ur ve ys 7 0 1 0 0 0 3 3 1 3 1 1 0 20 T el ep ho ne S ur ve ys 3 5 3 2 1 0 6 2 1 1 0 0 2 26 M ai lou t/ M ai lba ck S ur ve ys 3 2 2 1 0 1 4 3 0 1 0 0 0 17 C om bi ne d T el ep ho ne M ai lou t/ M ai lba ck 2 1 2 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 9 C om m er ci al V eh ic le T ri p D ia ri es ( e. Read the entire page →
From page 18... ... 16 T A B L E 6 M O D E S S U R V E Y E D R oa ds id e/ in te rc ep t su rv ey s Te le ph on e M ai lou t/ m ai lba ck C om bi ne d te le ph on e/ m ai lba ck C om m er ci al ve hi cl e tr ip d ia ry su rv ey s In te rn et su rv ey s Pe rs on al in te rv ie w s Fo cu s/ st ak eho ld er g ro up s G P S v eh ic le tr ac ki ng su rv ey s L ic en se pl at e m at ch – m an ua l L ic en se p la te m at ch – e le ct ro ni c A dm in ist ra ti ve O th er To ta l T ru ck 25 10 10 4 4 2 12 14 3 7 7 2 5 10 5 R ai l 4 5 1 2 7 11 0 1 3 34 A ir 4 4 0 2 7 6 0 1 0 24 M ar in e 5 5 1 2 8 5 0 1 1 28 In te rm od al 2 4 2 3 4 9 0 1 2 27 A ll M od es 1 0 0 2 3 S hi pp er s/ M ar ke t (a ll m od es ) Read the entire page →
From page 19... ... 17 T A B L E 7 O R G A N Iz A T IO N S S U R V E Y E D R oa ds id e/ in te rc ep t su rv ey s Te le ph on e M ai lou t/ M ai lba ck C om bi ne d te le ph on e/ m ai lba ck C om m er ci al ve hi cl e tr ip di ar y su rv ey s In te rn et su rv ey s P er so na l in te rv ie w s Fo cu s/ S ta ke ho ld er gr ou ps G P S v eh ic le tr ac ki ng su rv ey s L ic en se pl at e m at ch – m an ua l L ic en se pl at e m at ch – el ec tr on ic A dm in is tr at iv e O th er To ta l V eh ic le O pe ra to rs 5 6 4 0 1 9 9 2 2 2 2 3 45 S hi pp er s/ R ec ei ve rs 8 7 3 1 2 11 11 0 1 1 1 3 49 3P L s 5 3 1 0 1 3 8 0 0 0 1 3 25 S er vi ce V eh ic le s 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 6 T er m in al s/ P or ts 6 5 1 0 2 7 10 1 1 0 1 3 37 D is tr ib ut io n C en te rs 4 3 1 1 1 5 9 0 0 0 1 3 28 O th er 0 0 0 O ce an C ar ri er s 1 1 P ub li c 1 1 2 M an uf ac tu ri ng , W ar eh ou se , R et ai l, T ra ns po rt at io n 2 1 1 4 C om m un it E co no m ic D ev el op m en t 1 1 2 P la nn in g A ge nc y 2 2 P as se ng er V eh ic le s 1 1 R ai lr oa ds , M ot or C ar ri er s, T ra il er 1 1 1 1 4 F re ig ht F or w ar der s, 4 P L s 1 1 F ac il it y O w ne rs 1 1 D ra ya ge O pe ra to rs 1 1 B or de r M an ag er s 1 1 T ra ns po rt at io nM an ag er s 1 1 M il it ar y 1 1 C or ri do r A dv oca cy G ro up 1 1 U se rs 1 1 T ot al 0 33 27 12 4 9 38 54 3 4 4 7 19 21 4 Read the entire page →
From page 20... ... very valuable." Another respondent noted strong cooperation from drivers. The sample size varied, with the largest numbers of • respondents indicating samples of between 1,000 and 9,999 vehicles (eight responses) Read the entire page →
From page 21... ... critical for valid data." Another respondent noted the need to appropriate personnel to conduct personal surveys. Another respondent noted the "huge" challenge in – obtaining vehicle registration data for use in determining origin-destination patterns. Read the entire page →
From page 22... ... " to verify survey responses as an important factor. Telephone Interview Surveys Survey Description Telephone surveys gather information from a selected respondent through a telephone call in which the interviewer poses a series of pre-set questions and records the respondents' answers. Read the entire page →
From page 23... ... In some cases, the survey questions were answered via email interaction due to stakeholders' time constraints." A fifth respondent noted variation in the responses – to a statewide freight outreach survey owing to "public/political differences" across the state. Critical missing data including routing information • and "more survey respondents." Respondents generally were satisfied with the quality • of their data, although with qualifications: Respondents' willingness to divulge information – about themselves varied (i.e., business operations) Read the entire page →
From page 24... ... business needs and issues that the [state] DOT should be aware of." Another respondent indicated that the data were – good "but not complete or thorough." Finally, a third respondent indicated that the data – were of "poor quality" and the surveys must be "redone." Personal Interview Surveys Survey Description Personal interview surveys gather information from a selected respondent through a telephone call or face-to-face interview in which the interviewer poses a series of pre-set questions and records the respondents' answers. Read the entire page →
From page 25... ... Another respondent indicated that the survey was not used to gather freight data; the focus was on qualitative information. A third respondent noted that its Internet survey was used to gather quarterly data, yielding "valuable local and regional trends." Three of the Internet surveys had been conducted • within the past 2 years, with the fourth conducted in 2005. Read the entire page →
From page 26... ... Both surveys were regional in geographic scope.• The truck travel and congestion survey sampled 100 • to 999 vehicles; the trip diary survey sampled 1,000 to 9,999 vehicles. The truck travel and congestion survey was successful: • "The survey was designed to gather information [such as] Read the entire page →
From page 27... ... Respondents found the quality of the collected data to • be "reasonable" and "very good," although one respondent noted that information differentiating travel times by time of day was missing. License Plate Match Surveys -- Manual Survey Description License plate match surveys involve the recording of all or part of a vehicle's license plate as it passes through two or more points along one or many facilities or corridors. Read the entire page →
From page 28... ... a good representative sample." Finally, one respondent noted that these surveys "cannot completely verify the actual origin and destination of the trip from which [the data were] captured [and] Read the entire page →
From page 29... ... 27 T A B L E 8 A P P R O X IM A T E C O S T O F L A S T S U R V E Y R oa ds id e/ in te rc ep t su rv ey s Te le ph on e M ai lou t/ m ai lba ck C om bi ne d te le ph on e/ m ai lba ck C om m er ci al ve hi cl e tr ip d ia ry su rv ey s In te rn et su rv ey s Pe rs on al in te rv ie w s Fo cu s/ st ak eh ol de r gr ou ps G P S v eh ic le tr ac ki ng su rv ey s L ic en se pl at e m at ch – m an ua l L ic en se pl at e m at ch – el ec tr on ic A dm in is tr at iv e O th er To ta l < $0 .5 m 16 9 8 5 1 4 11 11 1 3 2 2 3 76 $0 .5 –$ 1. Read the entire page →
From page 30... ... One respondent indicated that its data were available online. FREIGHT DATA REQUIREMENTS Section 3 of the survey asked respondents to describe the type of data they use or need. Read the entire page →
From page 31... ... 29 T A B L E 1 1 D A T A D IS S E M IN A T IO N R oa ds id e/ in te rc ep t su rv ey s Te le ph on e M ai lou t/ M ai lba ck C om bi ne d te le ph on e/ m ai lba ck C om m er ci al ve hi cl e tr ip di ar y su rv ey s In te rn et su rv ey s Pe rs on al in te rv ie w s Fo cu s/ st ak eh ol de r gr ou ps G P S ve hi cl e tr ac ki ng su rv ey s L ic en se pl at e m at ch – m an ua l L ic en se pl at e m at ch – el ec tr on ic A dm in ist ra ti ve O th er To ta l H ar dc op y (m ay al so in cl ud e pr es en ta ti on ) Read the entire page →
From page 32... ... . Finally, one respondent noted that much of the data must come from the private sector, which would incur additional cost. Read the entire page →
From page 33... ... 1 11 8 Other 1 6 8 N/A = not available, O/D = origin/destination. TABLE 14 HIGHWAY/TRUCK FREIGHT DATA USE AND NEEDS Data Type Currently Use Need But Not Available N/A Vehicle Type 23 6 7 Vehicle Size 26 5 5 Average Vehicle Speed 16 9 11 Vehicle Emission Data 6 15 14 Traffic Counts and Classification Data 33 1 2 Cargo Type 19 10 5 Payload Weight 15 11 8 Shipment Value 12 13 8 Truck O/D Patterns 15 19 1 Trip O/D Patterns 16 17 1 Travel Time 11 18 6 Travel Time Reliability 5 21 10 Number of Truck Stops for LTL Shipments 0 19 15 Incident Data 17 7 11 Line-haul Costs 3 16 15 Drayage Costs 4 14 16 Freight Rate (e.g., cost per ton-mile) Read the entire page →
From page 34... ... . Eight respondents noted that the data had been developed for another purpose and were not adaptable, and five respondents indicated that the definitions were not applicable to their needs. Read the entire page →
From page 35... ... 4 0 3 2 Electronic toll collection equipment 4 0 3 2 Environmental sensor stations 1 0 1 1 Global positioning system (GPS) equipment 3 1 1 0 License plate matching systems 4 2 1 2 Radio frequency identification 0 0 0 1 Smart cards 1 0 1 1 Vehicle tracking and navigation systems (VT&NS) Read the entire page →
From page 36... ... ," and a third respondent noted that "additional Weigh-In-Motion equipment would be helpful, but [the] technology has not met field condition requirements." USER ASSESSMENT OF DATA Section 6 of the survey asked respondents to assess their data, whether sourced in-house or from external public or commercial databases. Read the entire page →
From page 37... ... • Funding was needed "to pay for a sophisticated freight forecast product. Most MPOs do not have the resources." One respondent noted that freight data are "highly desired," so it has been able "to pay for what is out there." Prior knowledge and experience in the subject were • cited as success factors, including "knowledge of survey techniques [and] Read the entire page →
From page 38... ... on change and paradigm shifts, expensive to collect, difficult to repurpose, inevitably not what you need but what you have." Technical and Content Problems and Limitations Respondents addressed a series of technical and content problems and limitations that they experienced with previous surveys, and described how they planned to address TABLE 27 INTEREST IN EXPANDING OR EXTENDING EXISTING DATA COLLECTION Type of Survey/Data Is the Existing Data Collection Effort Being Expanded? If Yes, Please Indicate Level of Priority Yes No or N/A Low Moderate High Roadside/Intercept Survey 9 27 2 4 5 Combined Telephone Mail-out/ Mail-back Survey 6 25 0 3 2 Telephone Survey 5 25 2 2 1 Mail-out/Mail-back Survey 5 24 2 3 0 Personal Interviews 16 17 4 7 2 Internet Surveys 4 23 2 3 1 Focus and Stakeholder Groups 17 19 3 6 6 Administrative Data (e.g., insurance records) Read the entire page →
From page 39... ... . Responses: consider more concise surveys, compose better cover letters, provide incentives, allow "multiple avenues for response, e.g., internet, 800 telephone number," use multilingual survey instruments, reduce survey duration, follow up with telephone calls (to address low response "in rural areas") Read the entire page →

From page 14...

... TABLE 2 APPLICATIONS AND MODES CONSIDERED IN FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION SURVEYS/DATA Application/ Mode Truck/ Highway Rail Air Marine Intermodal/ Cross- modal/ Multimodal Total Infrastructure Capacity Planning 43 26 19 19 27 134 Modeling 39 11 7 6 9 72 Cost-benefit Analysis 24 17 7 10 12 70 Land Use Planning 20 6 8 8 9 51 Operations and/or Safety Analysis 32 17 14 10 15 88 Environmental Impacts 25 16 14 12 16 83 Policy 38 28 24 25 29 144 Total 221 121 93 90 117 642 Several observations may be made regarding this table: The range of applications was broad, with 642 applica-• tions cited. The dominant applications were policy (144 citations)