Eat for Life The Food and Nutrition Board's Guide to Reducing Your Risk of Chronic Disease (1992) / Chapter Skim
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9 Alcohol, Other Food Substances, and Chronic Diseases
9 Alcohol, Other Food Substances, and Chronic Diseases
Pages 119-128
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From page 119... ...
. VITAMIN AND MINERAL SUPPLEMENTS About 45 percent of the adult men and 55 percent of the adult women in the United States take a vitamin or mineral supplement either regularly or occasionally.
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From page 120... ...
flow levels of dietary supplements are safe, although they have not been shown to have any beneficial effect on health either. So unless your doctor specifically directs you to take a vitamin or mineral supplement for a specific medical reason, there is no reason for you to waste money on these preparations.
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From page 121... ...
Caffeine found in coffee, tea, and some soft drinks and many of the trace chemicals that give food its flavor and smell are other examples of nonessential food substances that produce effects in the brain.
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From page 122... ...
It was not until the first half of the eighteenth century that physicians in England recognized the adverse health consequences of alcohol. Soon afterward, the British Parliament passed the Gin Act of 1751, which made it more difficult and expensive to clrink.
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From page 123... ...
There is no universally acceptable standard for the safe level of drinking, but for our purposes a light drinker is someone who downs between 0.01 and 0.21 ounces of alcohol a day for example by having a bottle of beer or less every other day. A moderate drinker consumes between 0.22 and Unit of Alcohol Measure Content (oz)
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From page 124... ...
Nine percent of all adults in the United States are characterized as heavy drinkers, 24 percent are moderate drinkers, and 33 percent are light drinkers. The remaining 33 percent abstain from drinking.
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From page 125... ...
in North America and Western Europe, drinking is the main cause of cirrhosis of the liver, and cirrhosis is a primary cause of liver cancer. This does not mean, necessarily, that drinking causes liver cancer, though it does show that drinking produces a condition that may itself lead to liver cancer.
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From page 126... ...
On the other hand, moderate drinking may afford some protection against heart disease. A large study in Hawaii showed that men who are light or moderate drinkers have fewer heart attacks than men who either drink heavily or do not drink at all.
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From page 127... ...
In the United States, over half the adult population drinks coffee, with each person averaging 1.74 cups a day. Nearly 80 percent of the coffee is "regular," though the popularity of decaffeinated coffee is growing.
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From page 128... ...
It appears sensible to limit caffeine intake during pregnancy. OTHER FOOD ADDITIVES Nearly 3,000 substances are added intentionally to foods in the United States during processing.
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