Eat for Life The Food and Nutrition Board's Guide to Reducing Your Risk of Chronic Disease (1992) / Chapter Skim
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6 Fats, Cholesterol, and Chronic Diseases
6 Fats, Cholesterol, and Chronic Diseases
Pages 85-98
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From page 85... ...
The body may also adjust to the diet cycle by becoming more efficient at using food energy. Thus each attempt to lose weight becomes more difficult.
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From page 87... ...
It will give you the reasons and the motivation to change your diet for the better. HEART DISEASE Cornelius de Langen, a Dutch physician working in lava, reported in 1916 that native Indonesians had much less heart disease than did the Dutch colonists living on the island.
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From page 88... ...
And the third ties high saturated fatty acid and cholesterol consumption to an increased risk of having a heart attack. The Case for Lower Serum Cholesterol Serum cholesterol levels vary widely both among groups of people in various parts of the world and among individuals of those groups.
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From page 89... ...
By comparing the rates of heart disease how many individuals have a heart attack for every 1000 people, for example with the average serum cholesterol levels among groups of people, scientists have determined that the answer is definitely yes. Populations in which the average serum cholesterol level is less than i80 mg/~} are virtually free of both atherosclerosis and heart disease.
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From page 90... ...
Once the connection between total serum cholesterol levels ancT heart disease was firmly established, scientists began wondering if one particular lipoprotein was involved in the relationship. To find the answer, they conducted the same type of studies they clid before-they measured lipoprotein levels in different groups of people and determined the rate of heart attacks in those groups.
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From page 91... ...
Within the United States and most industrialized countries, people with high HDLcholestero! levels have tower rates of heart disease, and those with Tow HDL-cholesterol levels are at increased risk of heart disease.
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From page 92... ...
These men got about 43 percent of their calories from fat most of it from animal fats and their average serum cholesterol level was 239 mg/dl. Similar studies have shown consistently the same results: People who get a big share of their calories from fats, particularly animal fats with a high proportion of saturated fatty acids, have higher total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels than people who eat diets that are relatively low in fat, particularly saturated fatty acids.
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From page 93... ...
polyunsaturated fatty acids in the diet are a different story. In the 1950s, researchers observed that diets containing various vegetable oils reduced serum cholesterol levels when compared with animal fats, regardless of dietary cholesterol intake.
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From page 94... ...
Studies in animals and the study in two groups of veterans mentioned in the next section suggest that diets high in polyunsaturated fatty acids may be linked to other chronic diseases. Because there are no human diets that are naturally high in polyunsaturated fatty acids and because information is lacking about the long-term health consequences of such a diet, you should not increase your intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids over what is now in the U.S.
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From page 95... ...
diet high in saturated fatty acids, the other group ate a diet in which monounsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids each accounted for about 15 percent of the total calories and saturated fatty acids were reduced to approximately 10 percent of total calories. Almost immediately, the serum cholesterol levels in the group with the diet low in saturated fatty acids dropped nearly 13 percent.
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From page 96... ...
People living in rural Finland, for example, eat more saturated fatty acids and on average have higher blood pressures than rural residents of the United States and Italy. When volunteers eat special diets containing various amounts of saturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids, those people eating a diet in which the amounts of saturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids were equal have lower blood pressures, on average, than those eating food high in saturated fatty acids and Tow in polyunsaturated fatty acids.
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From page 97... ...
Diets high in fat, particularly saturated fatty acids, appear to increase the risk of developing colon and rectal cancers. There is also evidence of a link between diets high in animal fat and prostate cancer.
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From page 98... ...
Cow's milk, for example, has more saturated fatty acids, less monounsaturated fatty acids, and much less polyunsaturated fatty acids. In contrast, infant formulas are higher in polyunsaturated fatty acids, but contain virtually no cholesterol.
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