Effective Methods for Environmental Justice Assessment (2004) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix C - Using Geographic Information Systems to Evaluate Environmental Justice
Appendix C - Using Geographic Information Systems to Evaluate Environmental Justice
Pages 314-324
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From page 314... ...
They are valuable information sources if you desire more information on these topics. BACKGROUND GIS allows you to analyze and present the spatial nature of predicted social and economic effects to protected populations.
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From page 315... ...
Census Bureau) local planning/engineering departments, commercial GIS data vendors Land use Local planning departments, city public works departments Accessibility points of interest (local landmarks/activity centers)
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Fortunately, most GIS software packages now include data and file translators that automate the conversion of data to the projection currently being used for the impact analysis. It still is important to remain aware of the projection used for each data file.
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From page 317... ...
The most complex analyses of the environmental justice-related effects of transportation projects require GIS tools that are often not included with basic GIS software packages. These tools normally are available in groupings with other complex analysis tools as extensions or add-ons to the software.
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From page 318... ...
Most GIS software packages include an analysis tool dedicated to creating buffers. Performing the analysis simply involves selecting the map feature to be buffered and then selecting the buffer tool.
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For example, as part of the Boston area's Silverline project, the Metropolitan Boston Transit Authority (MBTA) project team analyzed the economic level of the residential population and the number of jobs within half-mile radius buffers around the proposed Silverline boarding points.
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To perform an overlay analysis, it is necessary to have data layers already created. For example, to estimate the number of persons who would be affected by noise pollution resulting from a proposed transportation project, layers containing data on (1)
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From page 321... ...
For example, a spatial linear model was built in Atlanta to examine the geographic distribution of vehicle ownership. It was found that several variables -- percent black, percent low-income, and average household size -- have a statistically significant explanatory relationship with the dependent variable, average vehicles per household.
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From page 322... ...
For example, emissions from a transportation network can be assigned to the grid cells corresponding to the network, and then overlaid with population data that is assigned from census tracts to the corresponding grid cells. This approach was demonstrated in the System for Planning and Research in Towns and Cities for Urban Sustainability (SPARTACUS)
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While the SPARTACUS project admittedly was a large-scale modeling project with substantial data and resource requirements, it does indicate that large amounts of data can be aggregated down to a small number of indicator values. The project illustrates approaches for quantifying the equity and social justice implications of alternative scenarios.
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From page 324... ...
2001. Guidebook for Assessing the Social and Economic Effects of Transportation Projects.
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