Effective Methods for Environmental Justice Assessment (2004) / Chapter Skim
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Glossary
Glossary
Pages 341-356
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From page 341... ...
Actual daily traffic rates may vary somewhat from the AADT because of seasonal variations, special events, and other phenomena. Barrier effect The reduction in mobility and safety of nonmotorized travel caused by the construction of new transportation projects such as those that increase traffic volumes and speeds on existing roads.
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Census Transportation Planning Package (CTPP) A data package available from the U.S.
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Distributive effects Measurable adverse and beneficial outcomes of a transportation plan, program, or project that do not affect all people within an area equally. Distributive effects analysis An analysis that compares potential effects, positive and negative, of publicly funded projects or services on various population groups and (in some instances)
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An index describing level of environmental justice concerns based on minority population, low-income population, and population density factors. Executive Order (EO)
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A model that provides an advanced two-dimensional and three-dimensional environment for performing complex groundwater flow, contaminant transport, and heat transport modeling. Fixed-guideway transit Any public transit service that uses exclusive or controlled rights-of-way or rails.
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Corps of Engineers Hydraulic Engineering Center River Analysis System (HEC-RAS) A water surface profile model for steady and unsteady one-dimensional, gradually varied flow in both natural and constructed river channels.
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Response categories may include strongly agree, agree, neither agree nor disagree, disagree, and strongly disagree. Major investment studies (MIS)
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A survey conducted periodically by FHWA to measure travel of American households, focusing primarily on local, repetitive travel. NPTS data are intended to provide insights on travel by trip purpose and mode, social and economic characteristics of the trip makers, changes in vehicle ownership, vehicle and fuel usage, the changing travel patterns of women and minorities, and changes in the mobility of the older driver population.
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Pass-by traffic Traffic that both originates in, and is destined for, locations outside of the local area in which it is traveling. Pedestrian danger index The number of pedestrian injuries and fatalities in an area of analysis divided by the area's population.
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Among the normally included dimensions are safety, access to opportunity, clean air and water, and social tolerance. Raster A method of coding and storing a graphic image as a pattern of dots.
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Roadway geometry Specific design elements of roadways, including number of lanes, lane width, median type and width, length of acceleration and deceleration lanes for onand off-ramps, curve radii, and roadway alignment. SARA Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986.
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Traffic demand models Models used to calculate changes in travel time between specified origins and destinations that might be the result of transportation projects, such as changes in road capacity. A limitation of these models is that they rarely take into account non-motorized transportation modes.
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A federally mandated regional transportation improvement plan developed by a metropolitan planning organization (MPO)
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A continuing research program to help planning agencies improve their travel analysis techniques. A major product of this program has been the TRansportation ANalysis SIMulation System (TRANSIMS)
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Vehicle hours traveled (VHT) The number of hours spent on a specific road segment or within a road network by the vehicles operating on it per unit of time, generally a day.
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Wire-frame model A type of visual computer modeling commonly used for proposed transportation projects. Wire-frame models are derived from a continuous series of roadway cross sections that are linked together to form a 3-D model of the proposed roadway design.
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