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From page 34... ... Each of the five transportation mode summaries is divided into the following subsections: • Definitions used to describe the system; • National system size and characteristics; • System use under normal operations; • System financing as it relates to security funds and emergency options; • General organization from a management perspective; • General operations under normal conditions; • Emergency plans in the system and organization during emergency events; • Historical emergency actions; and • Summary matrixes of operations and traffic, and emergency options, limits, and authority. 3.1 THE HIGHWAY SYSTEM 3.1.1 Definitions The U.S. Read the entire page →
From page 35... ... Table 3-2 describes, by functional classification and area population, the number of highway bridges and the percentage of the total number of bridges and total deck area. 3.1.3 System Use Highway transportation in the United States plays a significant role in two major areas: providing personal mobility to households and facilitating freight movement. Read the entire page →
From page 36... ... The federal-aid highway program is financed from the proceeds of motor-fuel and other highway-related excise taxes deposited in the Federal Highway Trust Fund (HTF) Read the entire page →
From page 37... ... Response activities cover a wide range of tasks designed to minimize loss of life and property as a result of an emergency event. Transportation agencies implement a number of response activities during an emergency event, including the following: • Advising law enforcement on access for transportation personnel assessing damage; TABLE 3-4 Total Disbursements for Highways, All Units of Government, 1999 Disbursement Type 1 $ (millions) Read the entire page →
From page 38... ... ; • Assigning transportation resources to move materials, personnel, and supplies as requested by responders; • Supporting hazardous materials containment assessments in coordination with the ICS; and • Attending briefings at incident sites on situations, incident action plans, response objectives, and strategy. Recovery activities are concentrated on restoring essential services following an emergency event. Read the entire page →
From page 39... ... Rush Hours: Toward urban areas, schools, and work centers. Off-Peak: To and from schools, shopping, entertainment, etc. Read the entire page →
From page 40... ... defines the movement of vessels that comply with specific delivery orders. Such vessels may remain at anchor for extended periods of time awaiting their next transport order. Read the entire page →
From page 41... ... transportation requirements. Ships and barges have the fewest accidental spills or collisions of all forms of transportation. Read the entire page →
From page 42... ... Rank Port Tons (mil) Rank Port TEUS 1 South Louisiana 212.6 1 Houston, TX 120.6 1 Los Angeles, CA 6,105,864 2 Houston, TX 185.1 2 South Louisiana 95.7 2 Long Beach, CA 4,524,036 3 NY/NJ 137.5 3 NY/NJ 67.3 3 New York/New Jersey 3,749,014 4 New Orleans, LA 85.6 4 Beaumont, TX 62.0 4 Oakland, CA 1,707,827 5 Beaumont, TX 79.1 5 Corpus Christi, TX 53.9 5 Charleston, SC 1,592,834 6 Corpus Christi, TX 77.6 6 Long Beach, CA 51.6 6 Tacoma, WA 1,470,826 7 Huntington, WV 76.7 7 New Orleans, LA 50.3 7 Seattle, WA 1,436,872 8 Long Beach, CA 67.6 8 Los Angeles, CA 45.0 8 Hampton Roads, VA 1,437,779 9 Texas City, TX 62.3 9 Texas City, TX 44.1 9 San Juan, PR 1,393,627 10 Baton Rouge, LA 61.4 10 Hampton Rds, VA 33.7 10 Savannah, GA 1,327,939 11 Plaquemines, LA 60.7 11 Philadelphia, PA 32.9 11 Houston, TX 1,159,789 12 Pittsburgh, PA 53.0 12 Lake Charles, LA 31.9 12 Miami, FL 980,743 13 Lake Charles, LA 52.8 13 Mobile, AL 28.0 13 Honolulu, HI 945,460 14 Los Angeles, CA 51.4 14 Portland, ME 26.5 14 Jacksonville, FL 683,836 15 Hampton Rds, VA 51.2 15 Baltimore, MD 25.4 15 Port Everglades, FL 554,041 (Source: American Association of Port Authorities (AAPA) Read the entire page →
From page 43... ... trucks, and railroads. Ports build and maintain cruise terminals for the growing cruise passenger industry. Read the entire page →
From page 44... ... Railroads that operate less than 350 miles of road and have annual revenues less than $40 million. These carriers generally perform point-topoint transportation services over short distances. Read the entire page →
From page 45... ... Passengers or Cargo Accumulate: At the marine terminal prior to the vessels arrival. Ferry boats experience high peak service during the weekdays in the morning and afternoon (rush hour) Read the entire page →
From page 46... ... Stop or Reroute Service -- limited choices Suspend Fares -- overcrowding Add/Refocus Service -- lack of resources First Responder Help -- different: command structure, culture, operations Media Assistance -- inadequate coordination, coverage, frequency, etc. Evacuate Vessels and Terminals -- lead time Same as short term and: Borrow/rent Vessels/operators -- lack of funding, stock, operators Receive Assigned Assistance -- lack of resources, commitment, experience Modify Vessels -- resources, time Employers, Media, State and Local Government -- lack of control, not uniformly applied, etc. Read the entire page →
From page 47... ... The primary use of coal is for the generation of electricity at coalfired power plants, which produce more than one-half of the nation's electricity. Approximately two-thirds of the coal used for generating electricity is shipped by rail. Read the entire page →
From page 48... ... In addition to commercial shipments, railroads provide critical support to the Department of Defense (DOD) Strategic Rail Corridor Network (STRACNET) Read the entire page →
From page 49... ... A few dozen cities in the United States have commuter and light rail passenger service between a central city and its suburbs or outlying region. These services are owned by either private companies or local and state governments. Read the entire page →
From page 50... ... Hazardous materials and munitions shipments, regardless of mode of transport, are governed by separate federal regulations that require compliance with safety-related standards and carrying a manifest of hazardous cargo. All rail cars and containers passed between different companies (i.e., most shipments) Read the entire page →
From page 51... ... Historical rail accidents have been studied and considered in the rail industry emergency plans. For example, in July 2001, a railroad accident inside the Howard Street tunnel in Baltimore caused chemical tank cars and cars loaded with paper products to burn for 3 days. Read the entire page →
From page 52... ... , commuter, and withincity passenger transport addressed under Mass Transit. Normal: Mix of many cargo types, typically for longer distance transport; some hazardous materials and munitions. Read the entire page →
From page 53... ... Same as short term and: Repair/construct railway Increase deliveries to area in need Dedicate equipment to emergency assistance Suspend Transport -- public health dangers with suspensions of 3+ days for water treatment shipments; stationary hazardous cargo may be an easier target. Reroute/Delay Deliveries -- deliveries essential for public health may be critically delayed. Read the entire page →
From page 54... ... In a broad sense, operations for hire, such as airline, cargo, and air taxi, are classified as commercial aviation, while private operations for business, corporate, pleasure, and public use are classified as general aviation (GA) Read the entire page →
From page 55... ... The hub can be used to disperse contaminants widely via the spokes. It, however, has little effect on air transport in the emergency response mode. Read the entire page →
From page 56... ... cross-communicate because of differences in radio systems. Local law enforcement agencies, medical centers, private EMS operators, the USCG, and available military responders are all under separate jurisdictions. Read the entire page →
From page 57... ... 3.4.9 System Summary Matrix Table 3-25 summarizes aviation operational sequences, traffic flow, and historical emergency response. Table 3-26 summarizes aviation control options, operational limits, and existing authority. Read the entire page →
From page 58... ... Reroute Service Evacuate People Suspend Fares Inform Passengers Dedicate Aircraft to First Responders. Transport Supplies Civil Reserve Air Fleet EMS Response Examples: WTC and Pentagon 9/11, Air Florida crash, floods TABLE 3-25 Aviation Operational Sequences, Traffic Flow, and Historical Emergency Response Read the entire page →
From page 59... ... -- Coordination Issues Convert Cargo Aircraft for Medical Transport -- Lead Time Media (inform public) -- Lack of Control Reroute/Suspend Service -- airlines, Air Traffic Control, local and state government. Read the entire page →
From page 60... ... Buses represent 57% of these vehicles; demand-response vehicles, 26%; heavy rail cars, 8%; commuter rail cars, 4%; light rail cars, 1%; and all other modes, 5%. 3.5.3 System Use Based on APTA data, in 2001, 9.7 billion trips were made on the U.S. Read the entire page →
From page 61... ... FTA funds provided to transit agencies may be applied to security and emergency response. Some of the funds recently available to specifically address emergencies include grants from the Office of Domestic Preparedness for public transit security and emergency response. Read the entire page →
From page 62... ... The primary objective of these plans is to avoid problem areas and provide assistance to first-responders as needed. These objectives remain the same whether the event is a more common emergency, such as snow storms or water main breaks, or a terrorist threat. Read the entire page →
From page 63... ... altered operations to provide transportation to temporary shelters across the area. 3.5.9 System Summary Matrix Table 3-33 provides a matrix that summarizes mass transit operational sequences, traffic flow, and historical emergency response. Read the entire page →
From page 64... ... . Rush Hours: Toward urban areas, schools, and work centers. Read the entire page →
From page 65... ... 65 Control Options Operational Limits Existing Authority Short Term (2 hr) Read the entire page →
From page 66... ... ." • Inclined Plane: A railway operating over exclusive right-of-way on steep grades with unpowered vehicles propelled by moving cables attached to the vehicles and powered by engines or motors at a central location not on board the vehicle. • Light Rail: A metropolitan electric railway system that can operate single cars or short trains along exclusive right-of-way at ground level, aerial structures, in subways, or on streets. Read the entire page →

From page 34...

... Each of the five transportation mode summaries is divided into the following subsections: • Definitions used to describe the system; • National system size and characteristics; • System use under normal operations; • System financing as it relates to security funds and emergency options; • General organization from a management perspective; • General operations under normal conditions; • Emergency plans in the system and organization during emergency events; • Historical emergency actions; and • Summary matrixes of operations and traffic, and emergency options, limits, and authority. 3.1 THE HIGHWAY SYSTEM 3.1.1 Definitions The U.S.