Making Transportation Tunnels Safe and Secure (2006) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 4-15
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From page 4... ...
The transportation tunnel and associated infrastructure include all electrical and mechanical operations within the tunnel environment, such as ventilation and fire suppression. Hazards and threats to the tunnel environment also include actual or perceived physical hazards and threats affecting the users of the transportation system.
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From page 5... ...
√ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Structural Integrity Loss by Natural Causes √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Introduction of Hazardous Materials √ √ √ √ √ √ Threat Introduction of Small IEDs √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Introduction of Medium-Sized IEDs √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Introduction of Large IEDs √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Introduction of Chemical Agents √ √ Introduction of Biological Agents √ √ Introduction of Radiological Agents √ √ √ √ √ Cyber Attack √ Maritime Incident √ √ Fire (Arson) √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Sabotage of MEC Systems √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ IEDs = improvised explosive devices.
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From page 6... ...
• Contamination: the condition of being unfit for normal habitation due to the presence of radiation, biological agents, harmful chemicals, hazardous airborne particles, or sewage sufficient to require professional remediation. • Utility disruption: loss of power, air, steam, water, or communication service for more than 25 hours.
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From page 7... ...
√ Structural Integrity Loss by Natural Causes √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Introduction of Hazardous Materials Threat Introduction of Small, Medium-Sized, or Large IEDs √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Introduction of C/B/R Agents Cyber Attack Maritime Incident Fire (Arson) √ √ Sabotage of MEC Systems √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ C/B/R = chemical/biological/radiological.
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From page 8... ...
Hazard and threat scenarios.
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From page 9... ...
9Hazard or Threat Mode of Delivery Path to Target Tactical Delivery Device Location of Target Small IED Foot Tunnel Roadway Backpack Exposed Ductbank Small IED Foot Surface Access Road Backpack Inside Ventilation Building Small IED Foot Surface Access Road Backpack Inside C&C Center Small IED Foot Surface Access Road Backpack Inside a Stand-Alone Substation Small IED Foot Tunnel Trainway Backpack Exposed Ductbank or MEC Equipment Small IED Foot Tunnel Trainway Transit Vehicle Station Small IED Foot Surface Access Road Backpack Station Small IED Foot Surface Access Road Backpack Inside Substation Small IED Foot Surface Access Road Backpack Inside Ventilation Structure Large Fire Vehicle Tunnel Roadway Tanker Liner Large Fire Vehicle Tunnel Roadway Tanker Column/Wall/Roof Slab Large Fire Vehicle Tunnel Roadway Tanker Portal Large Fire Vehicle Tunnel Roadway Tanker Any Tunnel Location Adjacent to Critical Facility Large Fire Rail/Transit Car Trackway IED on Train Liner Large Fire Rail/Transit Car Trackway IED on Train Column/Wall/Roof Slab Large Fire Rail/Transit Car Trackway IED on Train Portal Large Fire Rail/Transit Car Trackway IED on Train Any Tunnel Location Adjacent to Critical Facility C/B/R Foot Tunnel Air Supply System Vial/Aerosol/Small Package Tunnel Occupants and Surrounding Population C/B/R Foot Surface Access Road to Tunnel Vent Intakes Vial/Aerosol/Small Package Tunnel Occupants and Surrounding Population C/B/R Vehicle Tunnel Air Supply System Vial/Aerosol/Small Package Tunnel Occupants and Surrounding Population C/B/R Vehicle Tunnel Roadway Vial/Aerosol/Small Package Tunnel Occupants and Surrounding Population C/B/R Vehicle Surface Access Road to Tunnel Vent Intakes Vial/Aerosol/Large Package on Truck Tunnel Occupants and Surrounding Population C/B/R Vehicle Surface Access Road to Tunnel Vent Intakes Vial/Aerosol/Large Package Tunnel Occupants and Surrounding Population C/B/R On Foot in Transit Car Tunnel Roadway Vial/Aerosol/Large Package Tunnel Occupants and Surrounding Population C/B/R Transit Car Tunnel Trainway Vial/Aerosol/Large Package on Train Tunnel Occupants and Surrounding Population Hazardous Materials Vehicle Tunnel Roadway Truck Any Place in Tunnel Hazardous Materials Transit Car Tunnel Trainway Device on Train Any Place in Tunnel Cyber Attack Digital Virtual Virus Code C&C Maritime Incident (Anchor Drag) Ship Water Above Tunnel Passing Ship Tunnel Shell C&C = command & control.
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From page 10... ...
• Stations (passenger tunnels only)
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From page 11... ...
A small conventional explosive has the capacity to kill or injure anyone within its blast radius. The related assets are as follows: • Tunnel structures.
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From page 12... ...
Similar to the tunnel structure, the vent shaft may be damaged if it is within the blast radius of the handcarried IED. The shaft or intake structure will be closed temporarily for repair.
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From page 13... ...
Treatment is possible for many, but not all, biological agents. Introduction of a biological agent into a transportation tunnel would likely cause a delayed medical treatment situation.
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From page 14... ...
. Stations would be the likely scene of both the introduction of the biological agent and the mass casualty incident.
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From page 15... ...
• Stations (passenger tunnels only)
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