Biologic Markers of Air-Pollution Stress and Damage in Forests (1989) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
Air-Pollutant Distribution and Trends
Air-Pollutant Distribution and Trends
Pages 29-46
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From page 29... ...
The highest NO emission density is over the states north of the Ohio and east of the Mississippi rivers. There are substantial differences in the emission trends of smaller regions within eastern North America.
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la' lb. Emission densities, g/m2/yr for the year 1977-78 of man-made SOx and NOx over North America (Husar and Holloway, 1983)
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2. Sulfur emission density, g/m2/yr for regions north and south of the Ohio River (Husar, 1985~.
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north of the Ohio River compared to the south. WET DEPOSITION DATA FOR SULFATE, NITRATE, AND AMMONIA Motivated by increasing concern about "acid rain," at least five major precipitation chemistry networks have operated over North America since 1978.
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4. Maps of sulfate wet deposition rate, (g/m2/yr)
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As for sulfate wet deposition, the "background" nitrate deposition would account for 20-40% of the measured nitrate deposition in precipitation. Over eastern North America, the corresponding background contribution would be 10-25% of the total measured wet deposition.
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in Europe (EMEP network average)
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ammonia emission from the above "known" sources is estimated at 3.4 Tg N/yr with the highest emission density in the corn belt region exceeding 1 g N/m2/yr. There is a rough coincidence of the area of high measured deposition rate and estimated emission density, both extending through the corn belt region.
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6. Maps of nitrate wet deposition rate (g/m2/yr)
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8. Estimated emission density of ammonia emissions for the U.S.
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in Europe (EMEP network average)
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VISIBILITY Atmospheric optical data are much more abundant on a continental scale than chemical composition data, with the exception of the water vapor content. Hence, if a reasonably well defined relationship can be established between, for example, the visual range or turbidity and the fine particle content of the atmosphere, then the extensive meteorological observations by human observers inherent in the interpretation of the visibility data obtained by routine meteorological observation networks.
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10. Mean diurnal maximum ozone concentration isopleths for August 19781981 (Vukovich et al., 1985~.
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to ~ ~ 1 a, 42 Levi ' :11:~ 'a , Cot c, a C)
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states will exhibit trends in fine particle concentration consistent with their own emission trends. In other words, the long-term haze data base confirms the most revealing conclusion of the European OECD project, namely that-every source region impacts on itself more than on any other region.
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The trend lines indicate mean and arithmetic standard deviation among the stations within each region, b.-d. Trends of extinction coefficient by yearly quarters for New England southeastern sun belt, and the Smoky Mountain region (Husar et al.,
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1985. Manmade SOX and NOX emission and trends of Eastern North America.
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From page 46... ...
The trend lines indicate mean and arithmetic standard deviation among the stations within each region; b.-d. Trends of extinction coefficient by yearly quarters for New England, southeastern sun belt, and the Smoky Mountain region (Husar et al., 1979~.
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