Biologic Markers of Air-Pollution Stress and Damage in Forests (1989) / Chapter Skim
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Elevational Gradients/Local Chemistry
Elevational Gradients/Local Chemistry
Pages 47-56
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From page 47... ...
This database is exercised by a series of report generation software programs to yield the desired frequency distribution graphic reports and other statistical reports required by MCCP scientists or by the forest research community.
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From page 48... ...
For the 1988 field season, a uniform cloud detection technique has been implemented networkwide using an optical cloud detection instrument developed originally by the Netherlands Research Foundation. Table 1 summarizes cloud exposure statistics by site for the June-October 1987 period: Table 1.
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From page 49... ...
for 1986 and 1987 All concentrations are in micromoles per liter. Std Dev Number of Site/Year Ion Max Mean Samules Hourlv l WHITEFACE 1986 H+ 1585 254 254 306 1987 H+ 1738 188 212 196 1 986 NH4+ 776 110 1 36 308 1987 NH4+ 493 123 108 198 1 986 S04- - 747 1 30 1 32 308 1 987 S04- - 940 1 20 1 29 1 98 1986 NO3- 804 82 95 308 1987 NO3- 547 95 97 198 SHENANDOAH 1986 H+ 589 237 157 25 1987 H+ 1202 212 210 57 1986 NH4+ 263 123 75 25 1 987 NH4+ 602 96 118 57 1986 S04 -- 267 101 76 25 1987 S04 -- 619 104 1 15 57 1986 NO3- 388 157 110 23 1987 NO3- 541 104 110 57 WHITETOP 1986 H+ 3020 274 395 153 1987 H+ 1413 308 240 153 1986 NH4+ 834 136 159 154 1987 NH4+ 1070 199 182 153 1986 S04 -- 943 132 159 154 1987 S04 -- 1070 199 156 152 1986 NO3- 1744 141 236 155 1987 NO3- 648 150 1 17 152 MT.
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From page 50... ...
All values are given in parts per billion (ppb3. Standard Site Min Max Mean Deviation Whiteface Mtn 1986 15.3 98.5 44.1 13.S Whiteface Mtn 1987 6.0 105.0 46.0 14.3 Whitetop 1986 1.0 120.0 59.0 15.0 Mount Mitchell 1986 12.0 112.9 47.2 15.3 (Other sites had less extensive data records for 1986 and thus are omitted here.)
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From page 51... ...
Hydrogen Peroxide, 1986 No. of Standard Hourly Site Min Max Mean Deviation Samoles Whiteface Mtn 1986 BDL 2.82 0.72 0.55 424 Fall 1986 BDL 0.75 0.18 0.15 76 Whitetop 1986 BDL 2.60 0.80 0.50 183 Fall 1986 BDL 0.57 0.15 0.11 96
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From page 52... ...
A filter sampler designed by TVA collects cloud water isokinetically on a filter which is weighed manually during cloud events to obtain hourly integrated LWC values. The frequency distribution of 1987 cloud LWC values was determined for all sites for both precipitating and non-precipitating cloud (see sample figure)
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From page 53... ...
There is a considerable interannual and intersite variation in cloud water ion concentration, reflecting the different weather patterns and meteorological conditions that give rise to clouds at the MCCP sites. In order to define "typical cloud exposure, we need to monitor clouds for several years as was originally envisioned and as provided for in the project plan.
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From page 54... ...
Figure 4c illustrates cloud deposition flux estimates for Whitetop. Extrapolations to entire seasons yield the seasonal deposition totals listed in Table 5.
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From page 55... ...
4b. Plots of Whitetop Mountain Dry Deposition Flux (kg hat m°l)
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From page 56... ...
88-174 59-128 38-78 38-79 106-229 C 1 - 1.5-3.2C 1.3-2.3C 1.6-3.1 C 4.4-8.6C Na+ 1 .2_2.5C 0.7_ 1.2C 0.6- 1.1 C 2.5-4.8C Nib+ 7-168 7-158 8-156 22-468 K+ 0.6-1.0C 0.4_0.6C 0.4_0 8C 1.4-2.4C ca2+ 0.6- 1.0C 1.4-2.0C 1.2_2.4C 3.2_5.4C Mg2+ 0.2_0.3C 0.3_0.6C 0.1 _0.3C 0.6- 1.2C a. Upper limit based on fall average Os concentrations and decline in daylight hours.
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