Infectious Diseases of Mice and Rats (1991) / Chapter Skim
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1. Objectives, Terminology, and Overview of Pathogen Status
1. Objectives, Terminology, and Overview of Pathogen Status
Pages 3-12
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Thus, the biological responsiveness of mice and rats, comprising 90% of the experimental animals used in the United States (ILAR, 1980) , can be altered by genetic factors (Kahan et al., 1982; Hedrich, 1983)
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Thus, clinical manifestations of pathogen infections in these species have only limited diagnostic value. Also, it cannot be overemphasized that aberrations in research results due to natural infections often occur in the absence of clinical disease.
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. Proper usage of the term pathogen-free requires that the pathogenfree status of a given subpopulation of animals be supported by current test results from a battery of tests appropriate for all pathogens of the rodent species in question.
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8 In a' ~ o o ~ ~ - ~ ' - ~ ~ _ ~ y O x > 9, 3 ~E y, o o ~ c4 ~of -, ~ to o ~ = ' U ~ ~ ~ O ~ O O O O ~== ~ ~ Ad, :: O _ ~ ~, ~ ~- Cal ~ \0 .= U
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infections. Tables 2 and 3 give the prevalence of virus infections in laboratory mice and rat populations in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, West
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LCMV was reported in JO of rat colonies in Canada. Although antibodies to Theiler's virus were reported in 44% of rat colonies in one survey in the TABLE 4 Prevalence of Bacterial Infections in Mouse Coloniesa West United United Germany States Kingdom and Others Japan Bacterium Accred- Breeders Commer- ited and Conven cial Institu- Research SPF tional Research Breedersb tionsC Institutions Breederse Breedersf Institutionsf Mycoplasma pulmonis 19 17 0 24 208 Mycoplasma arthritidis 3 Pseudomonas sp.
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United States (Parker, 1980) and 58% of rat colonies in Canada (Lussier and Descoteaux, 1986)
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Entamoeba muris, Spironucleus muris, pintos, Tritrichomonas muris, Giardia muris, and mites were all fairly common. Based on the data in Tables 2 through 6, it must be concluded that only very modest success has been achieved in the prevention of microbial infections and parasitic infections and infestations of contemporary mice and rats.
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