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From page 119... ... , 8, 14 National Shellfish Sanitation Program, 22 National Status and [tends Program (NS&~, 3, 8, 11 47, 49, 52, 92, 93 Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, 22 Aquatic organisms, echiuran worms, 78 see also Fish and fisheries Aquatic plants, kelp, 25, 65, 66 68, 72-73, 77, 80 Army Corps of Engineers, 8, 9, 10, 56, so B Bacteria, 22-23 Bays, 71 see also Chesapeake Bay; Harbors; Southern California Bight Benthic habitat and organisms, see Kelp; Sediment-water systems; Shellfish Read the entire page →
From page 120... ... uncertainty factors, 83, 89, 114 D Dams, 62~3, 71 Data collection and analysis, see Information needs; Methodology; Sampling; Statistics DDT, 25 Decision making, 4, 6, 19, 37, 115-116 agency-level, 34 36 elected government officials, 27 informational needs and inadequacies, 15-16, 21, 26, 53, 56-58, 87 modeling and, 16-17, 20 predictions and uncertainty, 21, 56, 71-72, 82, 83-84, 86, 89, 114 statistics and, 74-82 (passim) see also Management issues Delaware River, 25 Department of the Interior, 8, 10, 27, 64 see also Minerals Management Service Design issues, monitoring, 6, 42, 53-89, 90, 113 boundary issues, monitoring areas, 65~7, 69-70, 74, 76 coordination, interagency, 3, 37, 44, 47, 49-52, 86, 93, 94-95 estimation techniques, 81 federal role, 43 feedback, 16-17, 25, 57, 65, 73-74, 83, 89 goals and objectives, 4, 6-7, 37, 57-62, 87, 89, 112 information inadequate, 15-16 natural processes vs. Read the entire page →
From page 121... ... , 3, 30, 49, 50, 93 Sacramento-San Juaquin Delta, 24 salinity, 81 see also Chesapeake Bay Eutrophication, 24, 80 Expenditures monitoring, 1, 1~14, 41, 44, 90 pollution abatement, 2, 14, 15, 90 F Fecal coliform, 22-23 Federal government, 6, 8, 4~44, 51, 93 expenditures, 11 see also Agency-level activities; Environmental Protection Agency; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; other specific agencies Federal Plan for Ocean Pollution Research, Development, and Monitoring, 51 Federal Water Pollution Control Act, 31-32 Feedback, 1~17, 25, 57, 65, 73-74, 83, 89 Ficldwori;, see Case studies Financial issues, 37 cost of monitoring, 1~14 cost of not monitoring, 20 121 cost vs. uncertainty, models, 83, 89, 114 expenditures, 1~14, 15, 41, 44, 90 funding, 33-34, 47 Fish and fisheries, 1, 5, 25, 27, 47, 54, 62-63, 68, 71-72 climatic changes, 77 marine mammals, 5, 21 toxicity testing, 45, 46, 80 see also Shellfish Forecasting, see Predictive modeling Funding, 3~34 National Status and fiends Program (NS&T) Read the entire page →
From page 122... ... 122 inadequacies, 15-16, 21 integration, 18, 26 model of, 1~17 research reports, 87, 88, 94 see also Statistics Insecticides, see Pesticides Institutional issues, ~4, 25-37 conceptual modeling, 2, 111-112 see also Agency-level activities; specific agencies J James River, 24 K Kelp, 25, 65, 66~8, 7~73, 77, 80 Kepone, 24 L I~borato~y experiments, 25, 44, 83 Lakes, 71-72 Law, 3, ~10, 3~33 recommendations, 93-94, 111-112 see also Permits; Regulations; Standards Laws, specific, 9 Clean Water Act, 8, 28 Coastal Zone Management Act, 32 Federal Water Pollution Control Act, 31-32 Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act, 8-9, 50, 9~94 National Ocean Pollution Research, Development, and Monitoring Act, 50, 94 Ocean Dumping Ban Act, 21 Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act, 9, 10, 32 Water Quality Act, 50, 93 Licenses and permits, see Permits Local activities, 3~39 expenditures, 11, 13 Long Island Sound, 62 M Management issues, 1-2, 19-37, 90, 91-92 data and information, 4, 16, 20, 37, 53, 83-87, 9~95, 115 regional, 41 INDEX technical design and, 2, 59 see also Decision making Marine mammals, 5, 21 Marine organisms, see Aquatic organisms; Aquatic plants Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act, ~9, 50, 9~94 Maryland, 28, 87, 88 Mathematical and numerical models, 7, 20, 23-25, 66, 71, 73, 85, 114 optimization analysis, 74, 78, 82 power analysis, 78, 82 see also Statistics Mercury, 72 Methodology, 7-10, 94, 113 computer simulation, 86 design monitoring, 2, 53 89 estimation techniques, 81 feedback, 16-17, 25, 57, 65, 73-74, 83, 89 general as specific, 55-56 goals and objectives, 4, ~7, 37, 57~2, 87, 89, 9~95, 112 information dissemination, 87~9 networks, monitoring, 3, 44, 45, 47~9, 51 optimization analysis, 74, 78, 82 power analysis, 78, 82 predictions and uncertainty, 21, 56, 71-72,82, 8384,86,89, 114 preliminary studies, 7~73 quality control 82 84 sampling, 8,15, 22, 42, 43, 44, 45, 48, 62, 65, 69-71, 73 82, 86, 87 statistics, 75-76, 79 study strategy, definition, 62-72 surveys, 1~11 see also Case studies; Design issues, monitoring; Models; Spatial dimension; Temporal dimension Minerals Management Service, 8, 9, 10, 64 Models, 86, 91 boundary issues, monitoring areas, 65~7, 69-70, 74, 76 conceptual, 2, 7, 16-17, 54 89, 111-116 defined, 2, 7-10, 1~17 environmental management system, 37 estuaries, 2~25 feedback, 16-17, 25, 57, 65, 73~4, 89 information needs, 1~17, 26, 59 mathematical and numerical, 7, 20, 23-25, 66, 71, 73, 74, 78, 85, 114 Read the entire page →
From page 123... ... , 8, 14 National Research Council, 2, 7, 41 National Status and fiends Program (NS&T) , 3, 8, 11 17, 49, 52, 92, 93 Natural gas, see Offshore oil and gas resources New Jersey Harbor, 73 New York Bight, 21, 71, 73 New York Harbor, 24, 73 Nonpoint source pollution, 8, 6, 6~62 Nuclear reactom, 65-66, 76 Numerical and mathematical models, 7, 20, 2~25, 66, 71, 73, 85, 114 optimization analysis, 74, 78, 82 power analysis, 78, 82 see also Statistics o Ocean dumping, 21, 29 dredging and dredged material disposal, 8, 56, 59, 62 Ocean Dumping Ban Act, 21 Oceans, 26, 50, 51 123 California Ocean Plan, 30, 31, 76 particulate wastes, 2, 18, 25, 32-33 see Offshore oil and gas resources; Southern California Bight Offshore oil and gas resources development erects, 27, 64 legal mandates, 9, 10, 32 Optimization analysis, 74, 78, 82 Outer Continental Shelf Islands Act, 9, 10, 32 p Particulate wastes, 2, 18, 25, 32-33 dredging and dredged material disposal, 8, 56, 59, 62 regional monitoring, 39 Peer review, 4 Permits, 31, 43, 93 monitoring, rationale, 3, 8, 20, 92 Pesticides, 25, 45 Petroleum, see Offshore oil and gas resources Plankton, 24, 47, 71, 76 Point-source pollution, 8 abatement, 2, 14, 22-25 regional, 6 Southern California Bight, 18, 60~2 Policy development, 92 California Ocean Plan, 30, 31, 76 information needs, 2, 26, 87 see also Agengy-level activities Political issues, 27-28, 36 Pollution abatement effectiveness, 22, 25 expenditures, 2, 1~15, 90 monitoring, rationale, 20 Power analysis, 78 Predictive modeling, 20, 84, 86, 91 uncertainty, 21, 56, 71-72, $2, 83-84, 86, 89, 114 Private sector, 12, 13 Problem solving agency-level decision making, 3~36 identification of problem, 1, 5-6 monitoring inadequacies, 15-16, 21 see also Models Projections, see Predictive modeling Publications, research reports, 87, 88, 94 Public health, 1, 2 management issues, 19, 22-23, 27-28 monitoring design, 67, 69, 92, 11~113 Read the entire page →
From page 124... ... human factors, Southern California Bight, 78 particulate wastes, 2, 18, 32-33 salinity, 71 seasonal changes, Chesapeake Bay, 77 see also Shellfish Shellfish, 5, 19, 22, 25 National Status and Trends Program (NS&T) , 3, 8, 44 17, 48, 52, 92, 93 Southern California Bight, 2, 17-18, 22, 30, 31, 33, 36, 39, 41-42, 60 62, 67, 78, 86 Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, 22 Southern California Edison, 66 67 Spatial dimension, 10, 86, 87, 112 boundary issues, monitoring areas, 65~7, 6~70, 74, 76 sampling, 6~70, 77, 81 Spending, see Expenditures Standards, 48 fecal coliform, 23 mercury in fish, 72 monitoring, rationale, 19 sampling, 43, 45, 83 water quality, 3 State-level activities, 93 expenditures, 11-12, 13 Read the entire page →
From page 125... ... /wastewater processes, 78 Southern California, 3~33, 78, 86 Water Quality Act, 50, 93 see also National Estuaries Program Weather, see Climate and weather factors Wetlands, 5, 47 Read the entire page →

From page 119...

... , 8, 14 National Shellfish Sanitation Program, 22 National Status and [tends Program (NS&~, 3, 8, 11 47, 49, 52, 92, 93 Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, 22 Aquatic organisms, echiuran worms, 78 see also Fish and fisheries Aquatic plants, kelp, 25, 65, 66 68, 72-73, 77, 80 Army Corps of Engineers, 8, 9, 10, 56, so B Bacteria, 22-23 Bays, 71 see also Chesapeake Bay; Harbors; Southern California Bight Benthic habitat and organisms, see Kelp; Sediment-water systems; Shellfish

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From page 120...

... uncertainty factors, 83, 89, 114 D Dams, 62~3, 71 Data collection and analysis, see Information needs; Methodology; Sampling; Statistics DDT, 25 Decision making, 4, 6, 19, 37, 115-116 agency-level, 34 36 elected government officials, 27 informational needs and inadequacies, 15-16, 21, 26, 53, 56-58, 87 modeling and, 16-17, 20 predictions and uncertainty, 21, 56, 71-72, 82, 83-84, 86, 89, 114 statistics and, 74-82 (passim) see also Management issues Delaware River, 25 Department of the Interior, 8, 10, 27, 64 see also Minerals Management Service Design issues, monitoring, 6, 42, 53-89, 90, 113 boundary issues, monitoring areas, 65~7, 69-70, 74, 76 coordination, interagency, 3, 37, 44, 47, 49-52, 86, 93, 94-95 estimation techniques, 81 federal role, 43 feedback, 16-17, 25, 57, 65, 73-74, 83, 89 goals and objectives, 4, 6-7, 37, 57-62, 87, 89, 112 information inadequate, 15-16 natural processes vs.

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From page 121...

... , 3, 30, 49, 50, 93 Sacramento-San Juaquin Delta, 24 salinity, 81 see also Chesapeake Bay Eutrophication, 24, 80 Expenditures monitoring, 1, 1~14, 41, 44, 90 pollution abatement, 2, 14, 15, 90 F Fecal coliform, 22-23 Federal government, 6, 8, 4~44, 51, 93 expenditures, 11 see also Agency-level activities; Environmental Protection Agency; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; other specific agencies Federal Plan for Ocean Pollution Research, Development, and Monitoring, 51 Federal Water Pollution Control Act, 31-32 Feedback, 1~17, 25, 57, 65, 73-74, 83, 89 Ficldwori;, see Case studies Financial issues, 37 cost of monitoring, 1~14 cost of not monitoring, 20 121 cost vs. uncertainty, models, 83, 89, 114 expenditures, 1~14, 15, 41, 44, 90 funding, 33-34, 47 Fish and fisheries, 1, 5, 25, 27, 47, 54, 62-63, 68, 71-72 climatic changes, 77 marine mammals, 5, 21 toxicity testing, 45, 46, 80 see also Shellfish Forecasting, see Predictive modeling Funding, 3~34 National Status and fiends Program (NS&T)

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From page 122...

... 122 inadequacies, 15-16, 21 integration, 18, 26 model of, 1~17 research reports, 87, 88, 94 see also Statistics Insecticides, see Pesticides Institutional issues, ~4, 25-37 conceptual modeling, 2, 111-112 see also Agency-level activities; specific agencies J James River, 24 K Kelp, 25, 65, 66~8, 7~73, 77, 80 Kepone, 24 L I~borato~y experiments, 25, 44, 83 Lakes, 71-72 Law, 3, ~10, 3~33 recommendations, 93-94, 111-112 see also Permits; Regulations; Standards Laws, specific, 9 Clean Water Act, 8, 28 Coastal Zone Management Act, 32 Federal Water Pollution Control Act, 31-32 Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act, 8-9, 50, 9~94 National Ocean Pollution Research, Development, and Monitoring Act, 50, 94 Ocean Dumping Ban Act, 21 Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act, 9, 10, 32 Water Quality Act, 50, 93 Licenses and permits, see Permits Local activities, 3~39 expenditures, 11, 13 Long Island Sound, 62 M Management issues, 1-2, 19-37, 90, 91-92 data and information, 4, 16, 20, 37, 53, 83-87, 9~95, 115 regional, 41 INDEX technical design and, 2, 59 see also Decision making Marine mammals, 5, 21 Marine organisms, see Aquatic organisms; Aquatic plants Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act, ~9, 50, 9~94 Maryland, 28, 87, 88 Mathematical and numerical models, 7, 20, 23-25, 66, 71, 73, 85, 114 optimization analysis, 74, 78, 82 power analysis, 78, 82 see also Statistics Mercury, 72 Methodology, 7-10, 94, 113 computer simulation, 86 design monitoring, 2, 53 89 estimation techniques, 81 feedback, 16-17, 25, 57, 65, 73-74, 83, 89 general as specific, 55-56 goals and objectives, 4, ~7, 37, 57~2, 87, 89, 9~95, 112 information dissemination, 87~9 networks, monitoring, 3, 44, 45, 47~9, 51 optimization analysis, 74, 78, 82 power analysis, 78, 82 predictions and uncertainty, 21, 56, 71-72,82, 8384,86,89, 114 preliminary studies, 7~73 quality control 82 84 sampling, 8,15, 22, 42, 43, 44, 45, 48, 62, 65, 69-71, 73 82, 86, 87 statistics, 75-76, 79 study strategy, definition, 62-72 surveys, 1~11 see also Case studies; Design issues, monitoring; Models; Spatial dimension; Temporal dimension Minerals Management Service, 8, 9, 10, 64 Models, 86, 91 boundary issues, monitoring areas, 65~7, 69-70, 74, 76 conceptual, 2, 7, 16-17, 54 89, 111-116 defined, 2, 7-10, 1~17 environmental management system, 37 estuaries, 2~25 feedback, 16-17, 25, 57, 65, 73~4, 89 information needs, 1~17, 26, 59 mathematical and numerical, 7, 20, 23-25, 66, 71, 73, 74, 78, 85, 114

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From page 123...

... , 8, 14 National Research Council, 2, 7, 41 National Status and fiends Program (NS&T) , 3, 8, 11 17, 49, 52, 92, 93 Natural gas, see Offshore oil and gas resources New Jersey Harbor, 73 New York Bight, 21, 71, 73 New York Harbor, 24, 73 Nonpoint source pollution, 8, 6, 6~62 Nuclear reactom, 65-66, 76 Numerical and mathematical models, 7, 20, 2~25, 66, 71, 73, 85, 114 optimization analysis, 74, 78, 82 power analysis, 78, 82 see also Statistics o Ocean dumping, 21, 29 dredging and dredged material disposal, 8, 56, 59, 62 Ocean Dumping Ban Act, 21 Oceans, 26, 50, 51 123 California Ocean Plan, 30, 31, 76 particulate wastes, 2, 18, 25, 32-33 see Offshore oil and gas resources; Southern California Bight Offshore oil and gas resources development erects, 27, 64 legal mandates, 9, 10, 32 Optimization analysis, 74, 78, 82 Outer Continental Shelf Islands Act, 9, 10, 32 p Particulate wastes, 2, 18, 25, 32-33 dredging and dredged material disposal, 8, 56, 59, 62 regional monitoring, 39 Peer review, 4 Permits, 31, 43, 93 monitoring, rationale, 3, 8, 20, 92 Pesticides, 25, 45 Petroleum, see Offshore oil and gas resources Plankton, 24, 47, 71, 76 Point-source pollution, 8 abatement, 2, 14, 22-25 regional, 6 Southern California Bight, 18, 60~2 Policy development, 92 California Ocean Plan, 30, 31, 76 information needs, 2, 26, 87 see also Agengy-level activities Political issues, 27-28, 36 Pollution abatement effectiveness, 22, 25 expenditures, 2, 1~15, 90 monitoring, rationale, 20 Power analysis, 78 Predictive modeling, 20, 84, 86, 91 uncertainty, 21, 56, 71-72, $2, 83-84, 86, 89, 114 Private sector, 12, 13 Problem solving agency-level decision making, 3~36 identification of problem, 1, 5-6 monitoring inadequacies, 15-16, 21 see also Models Projections, see Predictive modeling Publications, research reports, 87, 88, 94 Public health, 1, 2 management issues, 19, 22-23, 27-28 monitoring design, 67, 69, 92, 11~113

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From page 124...

... human factors, Southern California Bight, 78 particulate wastes, 2, 18, 32-33 salinity, 71 seasonal changes, Chesapeake Bay, 77 see also Shellfish Shellfish, 5, 19, 22, 25 National Status and Trends Program (NS&T) , 3, 8, 44 17, 48, 52, 92, 93 Southern California Bight, 2, 17-18, 22, 30, 31, 33, 36, 39, 41-42, 60 62, 67, 78, 86 Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, 22 Southern California Edison, 66 67 Spatial dimension, 10, 86, 87, 112 boundary issues, monitoring areas, 65~7, 6~70, 74, 76 sampling, 6~70, 77, 81 Spending, see Expenditures Standards, 48 fecal coliform, 23 mercury in fish, 72 monitoring, rationale, 19 sampling, 43, 45, 83 water quality, 3 State-level activities, 93 expenditures, 11-12, 13

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From page 125...

... /wastewater processes, 78 Southern California, 3~33, 78, 86 Water Quality Act, 50, 93 see also National Estuaries Program Weather, see Climate and weather factors Wetlands, 5, 47

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Index Pages 119-125

Index
Pages 119-125