North American Marine Highways (2010) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 35-54
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From page 35... ...
Furthermore, NAMH SHORT SEA operators in the past who have attempted to retrofit or reconfigure vessels have been burdened by the ad hoc process of modifying crewing requirements. One benefit of establishing standards for NAMH vessel fleets would be that the manning requirements could be set at the onset of the new service.
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From page 36... ...
Potential Actions Obstacles Addressed Address labor cost issue Canada & US West Coast: high cost of labor Vessel design research Canada: need vessels for NAMH Identify best operational framework US: container on barge not high probability of success Table 5. Economic framework potential actions -- regional: industry and planning.
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From page 37... ...
These figures associate the potential actions with the obstacles they address. Include Externalities in Taxing and Funding System As truck and rail engines become cleaner, CO2 emissions will emerge as one of the most compelling policy drivers for 37 Provide access to capital to stimulate shipbuilding Lack of qualified vessels & barges Operators need long-term commitments to cover upfront transition costs Incentives to shippers Too much variability in demand Incomplete cost recovery from other modes Include externalities in taxing and funding Need to make externalities part of cost of doing business Need to preserve & develop waterfront Develop waterfront industrial parks Need competitive door-to-door service Potential Actions Obstacles Addressed Figure 12.
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From page 38... ...
In Canada, Change Policy of Full-Cost Recovery for Customs Services Under the current policy, the entity requesting new or expanded customs services must cover the full cost of that 38 Potential Actions Obstacles Addressed Incentives to shippers Canada: difficult to compete against rail Table 6. Economic framework potential actions -- regional: government (non legislative)
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From page 39... ...
For example, federal tax credits might be restricted to designated marine highways projects (most likely to be designated by MARAD)
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From page 40... ...
Economic framework potential actions -- universal: legislative.
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From page 41... ...
However, it seems 41 CO2 reduction grants Need to make externalities part of cost of doing business Put marine funding on equal footing with land Unfair truck & rail advantage Improve Title XI Lack of qualified vessels & barges High start-up costs Consider using CMAQ for marine highways Need to preserve & develop waterfront Consider assistance to shipyards Lack of qualified vessels & barges Establish short overweight corridors Handling costs significantly affect throughput costs Figure 13. (Continued)
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From page 42... ...
Table 8. Economic framework potential actions specific to stakeholders: legislative.
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From page 43... ...
Consider Using a Portion of CMAQ Funds to Fund Marine Highways Projects Approved by MARAD. The federal government could promote the use of CMAQ funds for projects contained within one state or that involve two or more nonattainment areas in different states.
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From page 44... ...
Chambers County, Texas. In 2005, the Texas legislature authorized haulers of ocean-going cargo containers to carry loads up to 25% over the 80,000-lb legal weight limit on portions of two state roads (5 mi)
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From page 45... ...
Planning and operations potential actions -- universal: industry/planning. (continued on next page)
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From page 46... ...
Planning and operations potential actions specific to stakeholders: industry/planning. Potential Actions Obstacles Addressed Consider initial market orientation Operators: ocean carriers may or may not be good business Explore operational strategies Operators: "shoestring" budgets vulnerable to unexpected market conditions Work with truckers & freight forwarders Operators: need effective supply chain & marketing mechanisms It was emphasized by several interviewees that it is important to have long-term contracts in the early stages of business development.
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From page 47... ...
Understand Terminal Requirements When considering where expanded NAMH operations may have the highest probability of success, it is important to look at several factors, including the following: • Modal access -- Potential NAMH ports/terminals must have effective, efficient access to other modal networks (highway and rail)
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From page 48... ...
In examining projections of urban development for the next two decades, it seems highly likely that some of these hazardous shipments now handled by railroads will need to shift either to newly constructed extra-urban rail routes or to alternative modes. Develop a Comprehensive National Freight Transportation Strategy This vision would be national, and perhaps even continental, in scope.
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From page 49... ...
49 Move hazardous materials offshore Need to capitalize on environmental & safetyadvantages Communities are pushing back against freight expansion Preserve working waterfronts Need sufficient acreage to accommodate new services Improve federal collection of data Need better definition of market Develop waterfront industrial parks Inland destinations present prohibitive draycosts Standardize customs processes at ports Unequal treatment across ports createsconfusion and delay Develop NAMH planning guide Lack of knowledge of market & operationalrequirements Potential Actions Obstacles Addressed Develop national freight strategy Need comprehensive national investmentstrategy Incorporate into Homeland Security plans Need additional funding sources Figure 16. Planning and operations potential actions -- universal: government/non legislative.
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From page 50... ...
Planning and operations potential actions -- regional: government/non legislative. Potential Actions Obstacles Addressed Preserve working waterfronts US West Coast: lack of affordable waterfront property Develop waterfront industrial parks US West Coast: lack of affordable waterfront property Standardize customs processes at ports US: unequal treatment across ports Work out 24-h rule accommodation Great Lakes: difficult to comply with 24-h rule
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From page 51... ...
Develop Waterfront Industrial Parks Cross-border NAMH services focused on the semi-finished goods market appear to have some early promise. The biggest issue is proximity of the shippers to load points and the restructuring of many of these industries (particularly in Canada)
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From page 52... ...
US: impacts of Jones Act restrictions are uncertain Consider Jones Act independently from development of NAMH US: Jones Act debate delays needed action Encourage evaluation of NAMH alternatives to highway & rail projects States not analyzing NAMH alternatives Potential Actions Obstacles Addressed Figure 18. Planning and operations potential actions -- regional: legislative.
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From page 53... ...
One of its provisions would require states and metropolitan planning organizations to consider "short sea shipping" as a strategy for reducing greenhouse gases in their plan formulations. HR 2454 (Clean Energy and Security Act of 2009)
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From page 54... ...
Building the NAMH Vessel Fleet There are a multitude of issues involved in the concept of building new vessels for use in NAMH services. For instance, some type of standardization is needed.
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