The National Academies Press

Currently Skimming:

Pages 49-61

The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.

From page 49... ... Formal Tools Formal tools can be used to predict the outcomes of strategies being considered to address constrained parking. Three formal tools are discussed in this section -- airport mode choice models, airport parking models, and an airport parking forecast model developed based on the research conducted for ACRP Project 10-06. Read the entire page →
From page 50... ... Policy Scenario Mode Shares Parking Charge Increase Access Mode Existing Mode Share 10% 25% 200% Double Travel Time Increase Travel Time and Automobile Operating Costs by 20%, Provide Free Transit at Double the Frequency, and Double the Parking Costs Drive and Park 34% 31% 27% 10% 37% 16% Pickup and Drop-off 33% 36% 39% 54% 25% 44% Taxicab, Limousine, Town Car 6% 6% 6% 7% 6% 6% Rental Car 17% 17% 17% 17% 17% 17% Shuttle 4% 4% 4% 4% 4% 4% Transit 6% 6% 7% 8% 11% 13% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Source: Port of Portland, October 2009. Read the entire page →
From page 51... ... 4. Parking Choice Model -- This model was developed to analyze data on the main garage versus off-airport parking lot shares of overall airline passengers parking in the SeattleTacoma area. Read the entire page →
From page 52... ... (20) ACRP Project 10-06 Airport Parking Forecast Model A model for testing resident airline passenger mode-share behavior was developed for ACRP Project 10-06 to provide analysts with a tool for predicting, at a high level, likely outcomes of strategies being considered to address constrained airport parking. Read the entire page →
From page 53... ... During model estimation, it was observed that behavioral differences existed between business and nonbusiness trips that could be captured by using separate choice models. The two separate choice models were incorporated into the General Airport Parking Forecast Model. Read the entire page →
From page 54... ... The example policy scenarios, along with an interpretation of the model results, include the following: • General Airport Model Scenario No. 1: Doubling of Parking Fees -- One of the key strategies an airport operator will consider to try to influence parking mode share is to change parking rates. Read the entire page →
From page 55... ... Alternative Availability Base Case Policy Scenario Park & Walk to Terminal TRUE TRUE Park & Ride Shuttle to Terminal TRUE TRUE Taxi/Limo/Towncar to Terminal TRUE TRUE Dropped Off at Terminal TRUE TRUE Transit to Airport TRUE TRUE Shared Van to Airport TRUE TRUE Scheduled Bus to Airport TRUE TRUE Resident Air Passengers Trip Purpose Base Case Business Trips 29% Non-Business Trips 71% Airport Size Small/Medium Hub Base Case Ground Access Mode Shares Business Trips Park & Walk to Terminal 32% Park & Ride Shuttle to Terminal 17% Taxi/Limo/Towncar to Terminal 17% Dropped Off at Terminal 14% Transit to Airport 10% Shared Van to Airport 9% Scheduled Bus to Airport 1% Total 1 00% Base Case Ground Access Mode Shares Nonbusiness Trips Park & Walk to Terminal 13% Park & Ride Shuttle to Terminal 18% Taxi/Limo/Towncar to Terminal 9% Dropped Off at Terminal 32% Transit to Airport 18% Shared Van to Airport 7% Scheduled Bus to Airport 3% Total 1 00% Source: Resource Systems Group, Inc., November 2009. Table 7. Read the entire page →
From page 56... ... . Resident Access Mode Share Base Case Policy Scenario Absolute Difference % Difference Park & Walk to Terminal 32% 23% -9% -30% Park & Ride Shuttle to Terminal 17% 23% 6% 35% Taxi/Limo/Towncar to Terminal 17% 14% -3% -17% Dropped Off at Terminal 14% 19% 5% 35% Transit to Airport 10% 11% 1% 14% Shared Van to Airport 9% 9% 0% -1% Scheduled Bus to Airport 1% 1% 0% 38% Total 100% 100% Resident Access Mode Share Base Case Policy Scenario Absolute Difference % Difference Park & Walk to Terminal 13% 9% -4% -35% Park & Ride Shuttle to Terminal 18% 19% 1% 5% Taxi/Limo/Towncar to Terminal 9% 7% -2% -21% Dropped Off at Terminal 32% 37% 5% 15% Transit to Airport 18% 19% 1% 4% Shared Van to Airport 7% 7% 0% -7% Scheduled Bus to Airport 3% 4% 1% 17% Total 100% 100% Resident Access Mode Share Base Case Policy Scenario Absolute Difference % Difference Park & Walk to Terminal 19% 13% -6% -32% Park & Ride Shuttle to Terminal 18% 20% 2% 13% Taxi/Limo/Towncar to Terminal 11% 9% -2% -20% Dropped Off at Terminal 27% 32% 5% 18% Transit to Airport 16% 17% 1% 6% Shared Van to Airport 8% 7% 0% -5% Scheduled Bus to Airport 2% 3% 0% 19% Total 100% 100% Business Trips Nonbusiness Trips All Trips Source: Resource Systems Group, Inc. Read the entire page →
From page 57... ... The estimates from this model represent averages from the 14 airports surveyed and airport-to-airport differences may not be fully represented when the model is applied to a specific airport. The General Airport Parking Forecast Model reasonably represents the general magnitudes of changes in airline passenger access mode choices, even for those airports that do not All Trips Access Mode Share Base Case Policy Scenario1 Absolute Difference Percent Difference2 Park and Walk to Terminal 15% 6% -9% -57% Park and Ride Shuttle to Terminal 25% 18% -7% -27% Taxicab to Terminal 10% 12% +2% +22% Dropped Off at Terminal 40% 51% +11% +27% Transit to Airport 1% 1% 0% +21% Shared Van to Airport 4% 5% +1% +22% Scheduled Bus to Airport 5% 6% +1% +27% Total3 100% 100% Notes: 1 Although this scenario is representative of conditions at a small-hub airport, which is less likely to be well served by public transit compared to large-hub airports, the stated preference survey experiments did include public transit options. Read the entire page →
From page 58... ... Value of Airport-Specific Parking Forecast Model Development of an airport-specific parking forecast model will most likely require new data collection and model development by the airport operator or another interested party, All Trips Access Mode Share Base Case Policy Scenario Absolute Difference Percent Difference1 Park and Walk to Terminal 5% 4% -1% -25% Park and Ride Shuttle to Terminal 10% 13% +3% 30% Taxicab to Terminal 30% 30% 0% -2% Dropped Off at Terminal 30% 29% -1% -3% Transit to Airport 15% 15% 0% 0% Shared Van to Airport 5% 5% 0% -2% Scheduled Bus to Airport 5% 5% 0% -3% Total2 100% 100% Notes: 1 Percent difference calculations may differ due to rounding. 2 Totals may not add to 100% due to rounding. Read the entire page →
From page 59... ... The mode-share input and output from the general airport model can be used to estimate, at a high level, changes in vehicle trips and emissions by airline resident O&D passengers. The methodology described in Chapter 8 under "Measuring Effects of Parking Strategies" (in subsections on vehicle traffic Portland International Airport Mode Share Policy Scenario Access Mode Share Representative Base Case General Airport Model Airport-Specific Model Policy Scenario Difference1 Park and Walk to Terminal 10% 5% 4% 1% Park and Ride Shuttle to Terminal 15% 13% 12% 1% Taxicab to Terminal 10% 11% 11% 0% Dropped Off at Terminal 45% 50% 51% 1% Transit to Airport 10% 10% 11% 1% Shared Van to Airport 5% 5% 5% 0% Scheduled Bus to Airport 5% 6% 6% 1% Total 100% 100% 100% Note: 1 Policy scenario difference calculations may differ due to rounding. Read the entire page →
From page 60... ... Therefore, when airport operators consider which airports to benchmark, they should consider those with similar characteristics and benchmark against some with constrained parking and some without constrained parking. Benchmarks related to parking supply include the following: • Public parking spaces per O&D passenger -- Because the majority of parking activity is generated by resident airline passengers, the ratio of parking spaces available per resident O&D passenger is a meaningful benchmark that attempts Portland International Airport Mode Share Policy Scenario Access Mode Share Representative Base Case General Airport Model Airport-Specific Model Policy Scenario Difference Park and Walk to Terminal 10% 12% 13% 1% Park and Ride Shuttle to Terminal 15% 19% 20% 1% Taxicab to Terminal 10% 12% 12% 0% Dropped Off at Terminal 45% 35% 31% 4% Transit to Airport 10% 11% 12% 1% Shared Van to Airport 5% 6% 6% 0% Scheduled Bus to Airport 5% 6% 7% 1% Total 100% 100% 100% Note: Totals may not add to 100% due to rounding. Read the entire page →
From page 61... ... There may be value in comparing the airport's mode share to mode shares at similar airports, but it is likely that the comparison will have less value than the other benchmarks listed. Table 15 presents a comparison of daily parking rates to other parking rates at the airports included in ACRP Project 10-06. Read the entire page →

From page 49...

... Formal Tools Formal tools can be used to predict the outcomes of strategies being considered to address constrained parking. Three formal tools are discussed in this section -- airport mode choice models, airport parking models, and an airport parking forecast model developed based on the research conducted for ACRP Project 10-06.

Read the entire page →

From page 50...

... Policy Scenario Mode Shares Parking Charge Increase Access Mode Existing Mode Share 10% 25% 200% Double Travel Time Increase Travel Time and Automobile Operating Costs by 20%, Provide Free Transit at Double the Frequency, and Double the Parking Costs Drive and Park 34% 31% 27% 10% 37% 16% Pickup and Drop-off 33% 36% 39% 54% 25% 44% Taxicab, Limousine, Town Car 6% 6% 6% 7% 6% 6% Rental Car 17% 17% 17% 17% 17% 17% Shuttle 4% 4% 4% 4% 4% 4% Transit 6% 6% 7% 8% 11% 13% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Source: Port of Portland, October 2009.

Read the entire page →

From page 51...

... 4. Parking Choice Model -- This model was developed to analyze data on the main garage versus off-airport parking lot shares of overall airline passengers parking in the SeattleTacoma area.

Read the entire page →

From page 52...

... (20) ACRP Project 10-06 Airport Parking Forecast Model A model for testing resident airline passenger mode-share behavior was developed for ACRP Project 10-06 to provide analysts with a tool for predicting, at a high level, likely outcomes of strategies being considered to address constrained airport parking.

Read the entire page →

From page 53...

... During model estimation, it was observed that behavioral differences existed between business and nonbusiness trips that could be captured by using separate choice models. The two separate choice models were incorporated into the General Airport Parking Forecast Model.

Read the entire page →

From page 54...

... The example policy scenarios, along with an interpretation of the model results, include the following: • General Airport Model Scenario No. 1: Doubling of Parking Fees -- One of the key strategies an airport operator will consider to try to influence parking mode share is to change parking rates.

Read the entire page →

From page 55...

... Alternative Availability Base Case Policy Scenario Park & Walk to Terminal TRUE TRUE Park & Ride Shuttle to Terminal TRUE TRUE Taxi/Limo/Towncar to Terminal TRUE TRUE Dropped Off at Terminal TRUE TRUE Transit to Airport TRUE TRUE Shared Van to Airport TRUE TRUE Scheduled Bus to Airport TRUE TRUE Resident Air Passengers Trip Purpose Base Case Business Trips 29% Non-Business Trips 71% Airport Size Small/Medium Hub Base Case Ground Access Mode Shares Business Trips Park & Walk to Terminal 32% Park & Ride Shuttle to Terminal 17% Taxi/Limo/Towncar to Terminal 17% Dropped Off at Terminal 14% Transit to Airport 10% Shared Van to Airport 9% Scheduled Bus to Airport 1% Total 1 00% Base Case Ground Access Mode Shares Nonbusiness Trips Park & Walk to Terminal 13% Park & Ride Shuttle to Terminal 18% Taxi/Limo/Towncar to Terminal 9% Dropped Off at Terminal 32% Transit to Airport 18% Shared Van to Airport 7% Scheduled Bus to Airport 3% Total 1 00% Source: Resource Systems Group, Inc., November 2009. Table 7.

Read the entire page →

From page 56...

... . Resident Access Mode Share Base Case Policy Scenario Absolute Difference % Difference Park & Walk to Terminal 32% 23% -9% -30% Park & Ride Shuttle to Terminal 17% 23% 6% 35% Taxi/Limo/Towncar to Terminal 17% 14% -3% -17% Dropped Off at Terminal 14% 19% 5% 35% Transit to Airport 10% 11% 1% 14% Shared Van to Airport 9% 9% 0% -1% Scheduled Bus to Airport 1% 1% 0% 38% Total 100% 100% Resident Access Mode Share Base Case Policy Scenario Absolute Difference % Difference Park & Walk to Terminal 13% 9% -4% -35% Park & Ride Shuttle to Terminal 18% 19% 1% 5% Taxi/Limo/Towncar to Terminal 9% 7% -2% -21% Dropped Off at Terminal 32% 37% 5% 15% Transit to Airport 18% 19% 1% 4% Shared Van to Airport 7% 7% 0% -7% Scheduled Bus to Airport 3% 4% 1% 17% Total 100% 100% Resident Access Mode Share Base Case Policy Scenario Absolute Difference % Difference Park & Walk to Terminal 19% 13% -6% -32% Park & Ride Shuttle to Terminal 18% 20% 2% 13% Taxi/Limo/Towncar to Terminal 11% 9% -2% -20% Dropped Off at Terminal 27% 32% 5% 18% Transit to Airport 16% 17% 1% 6% Shared Van to Airport 8% 7% 0% -5% Scheduled Bus to Airport 2% 3% 0% 19% Total 100% 100% Business Trips Nonbusiness Trips All Trips Source: Resource Systems Group, Inc.

Read the entire page →

From page 57...

... The estimates from this model represent averages from the 14 airports surveyed and airport-to-airport differences may not be fully represented when the model is applied to a specific airport. The General Airport Parking Forecast Model reasonably represents the general magnitudes of changes in airline passenger access mode choices, even for those airports that do not All Trips Access Mode Share Base Case Policy Scenario1 Absolute Difference Percent Difference2 Park and Walk to Terminal 15% 6% -9% -57% Park and Ride Shuttle to Terminal 25% 18% -7% -27% Taxicab to Terminal 10% 12% +2% +22% Dropped Off at Terminal 40% 51% +11% +27% Transit to Airport 1% 1% 0% +21% Shared Van to Airport 4% 5% +1% +22% Scheduled Bus to Airport 5% 6% +1% +27% Total3 100% 100% Notes: 1 Although this scenario is representative of conditions at a small-hub airport, which is less likely to be well served by public transit compared to large-hub airports, the stated preference survey experiments did include public transit options.

Read the entire page →

From page 58...

... Value of Airport-Specific Parking Forecast Model Development of an airport-specific parking forecast model will most likely require new data collection and model development by the airport operator or another interested party, All Trips Access Mode Share Base Case Policy Scenario Absolute Difference Percent Difference1 Park and Walk to Terminal 5% 4% -1% -25% Park and Ride Shuttle to Terminal 10% 13% +3% 30% Taxicab to Terminal 30% 30% 0% -2% Dropped Off at Terminal 30% 29% -1% -3% Transit to Airport 15% 15% 0% 0% Shared Van to Airport 5% 5% 0% -2% Scheduled Bus to Airport 5% 5% 0% -3% Total2 100% 100% Notes: 1 Percent difference calculations may differ due to rounding. 2 Totals may not add to 100% due to rounding.

Read the entire page →

From page 59...

... The mode-share input and output from the general airport model can be used to estimate, at a high level, changes in vehicle trips and emissions by airline resident O&D passengers. The methodology described in Chapter 8 under "Measuring Effects of Parking Strategies" (in subsections on vehicle traffic Portland International Airport Mode Share Policy Scenario Access Mode Share Representative Base Case General Airport Model Airport-Specific Model Policy Scenario Difference1 Park and Walk to Terminal 10% 5% 4% 1% Park and Ride Shuttle to Terminal 15% 13% 12% 1% Taxicab to Terminal 10% 11% 11% 0% Dropped Off at Terminal 45% 50% 51% 1% Transit to Airport 10% 10% 11% 1% Shared Van to Airport 5% 5% 5% 0% Scheduled Bus to Airport 5% 6% 6% 1% Total 100% 100% 100% Note: 1 Policy scenario difference calculations may differ due to rounding.

Read the entire page →

From page 60...

... Therefore, when airport operators consider which airports to benchmark, they should consider those with similar characteristics and benchmark against some with constrained parking and some without constrained parking. Benchmarks related to parking supply include the following: • Public parking spaces per O&D passenger -- Because the majority of parking activity is generated by resident airline passengers, the ratio of parking spaces available per resident O&D passenger is a meaningful benchmark that attempts Portland International Airport Mode Share Policy Scenario Access Mode Share Representative Base Case General Airport Model Airport-Specific Model Policy Scenario Difference Park and Walk to Terminal 10% 12% 13% 1% Park and Ride Shuttle to Terminal 15% 19% 20% 1% Taxicab to Terminal 10% 12% 12% 0% Dropped Off at Terminal 45% 35% 31% 4% Transit to Airport 10% 11% 12% 1% Shared Van to Airport 5% 6% 6% 0% Scheduled Bus to Airport 5% 6% 7% 1% Total 100% 100% 100% Note: Totals may not add to 100% due to rounding.

Read the entire page →

From page 61...

... There may be value in comparing the airport's mode share to mode shares at similar airports, but it is likely that the comparison will have less value than the other benchmarks listed. Table 15 presents a comparison of daily parking rates to other parking rates at the airports included in ACRP Project 10-06.

Read the entire page →

← Previous Chapter Skim

Next Chapter Skim →

This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More information on Chapter Skim is available.