Handbook to Assess the Impacts of Constrained Parking at Airports (2010) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
Pages 77-88
The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.
From page 77... ...
Understanding these relationships and how a strategy implemented to influence parking behavior under constrained parking conditions may influence behavioral changes beyond the parking system itself is relevant to the evaluation of a strategy or multiple strategies. Therefore, an airport operator should consider collecting and maintaining data on the use of other ground access modes that airline passengers use to access and depart the airport.
|
From page 78... ...
Typical data sources for measuring changes in parking activity and other modes, as well as how the data are obtained, include the following: • Parking revenue control system, • Supplemental parking data, • Airline O&D passenger survey data, • Vehicle activity and vehicle occupancy counts, and • Enplaned O&D passenger activity. Parking Revenue Control System The parking revenue control system is the most important data source an airport operator can use for measuring changes in parking activity following the implementation of strategies to address constrained parking.
|
From page 79... ...
Data on private automobiles that were parked can be collected from the parking revenue control system; however, data on the use of other modes, such as private automobiles picking up and dropping off airline passengers at the curbside, typically are not captured. Data obtained from an airline O&D passenger survey provide a wealth of information on airline passenger characteristics and travel behavior, including use of airline passenger access modes to and from the airport, travel party size, place of residence, place of trip origin, and trip purpose.
|
From page 80... ...
For an airline passenger dropped off and picked up by a single-party vehicle, the number of vehicle trips generated would be calculated by dividing the number of passengers dropped off by private vehicle by travel party size and then by multiplying the resulting number by two to account for the vehicle trips departing from and returning to the airport that are not transporting airline passengers. It can be assumed that the data from the enplaning survey can be doubled to arrive at the number of daily trips.
|
From page 81... ...
However, these AVI data, in combination with roadway traffic counts of all vehicles accessing the airport, have been used to obtain estimates of private automobiles and other vehicles that are not tracked by the AVI system. Vehicle Traffic Generated by Mode Automatic traffic recorders (ATRs)
|
From page 82... ...
Changes in activity following the implementation of strategies to address constrained parking may indicate their effectiveness or ineffectiveness when, in reality, other factors also influenced the outcome, thereby tempering the effects of the strategies. If the airport operator wishes to understand the cause and effect of strategies rather than just overall changes in activity, information on other factors that may have influenced the rates of change in activity should be considered, such as local or national economic conditions, introduction of low-cost airline service, changes in pricing, or supply of other modes, including privately operated parking and HOV modes, and other factors.
|
From page 83... ...
Scenarios that could result in an unacceptable loss of revenue from unanticipated consequences may include the following: • Loss of public parking customers to privately operated offairport parking facilities; • Shift of public parking customers from higher priced public parking to lower priced public parking; • Shift from public parking to other access modes, such as curbside pickup and drop-off by private automobile, taxicab, and transit; and • Construction of a new public parking facility (e.g., a parking garage) resulting in substantially more capital costs or operating costs that are not offset by a corresponding increase in parking revenue.
|
From page 84... ...
For example, in a particular public parking facility, parking exits may have decreased 2%, and revenue may have increased 4%, while O&D passenger activity increased 1%. These results would be compared to similar changes in other public parking facilities, and for the total parking supply, to understand the influence of the strategy on financial performance and if the financial and activity changes are acceptable.
|
From page 85... ...
6 ÷ Party Size Yes Single-Party Limousine Single Travel Party Size 0 or Party Size of New Party 5 1 or 2 6 (1 or 2) 6 ÷ Party Size Yes Shared-Ride Van Multiple Total Airline Passengers Served 0 or Total Airline Passengers Serve d 5 (1 or 2)
|
From page 86... ...
Benchmarks that can be compared over similar timeframes before and after the strategies have been implemented to assess the impacts of the strategies on vehicle traffic include the following: • Number of total parking exits -- A change in total vehicle parking exits without a comparable change in total airline passengers (after accounting for seasonality) indicates that passengers have likely shifted to or from other modes, or the average occupancy per vehicle (party size)
|
From page 87... ...
Conversely, if mode shares did not change, it may be because of factors in addition to, or other than, strategies implemented to address constrained parking. The calculation of vehicle trips generated by single-party modes at an airport is shown in an example presented in Table 29.
|
From page 88... ...
Emissions Generated The change in emissions generated on the airport, in the vicinity of the airport, and in the region by automobiles transporting airline passengers to and from the airport as a result of strategies implemented to address constrained airport parking may be a consideration for the airport operator when determining the acceptability of a strategy. The VMT can be used along with information about pollutants emitted by vehicles in the airport's catchment area to determine the changes in environmental impacts.
|
Key Terms
This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More
information on Chapter Skim is available.