Identification of Vehicular Impact Conditions Associated with Serious Ran-off-Road Crashes (2010) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 4-9
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From page 4... ...
Crash data on the enhanced police-reported level are used in selected research studies in which additional data elements are collected to supplement the police-reported data. The supplemental data collected vary from study to study depending on the objective(s)
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The cost associated with in-depth crash investigation is, as may be expected, very high and there have only been a few ad hoc studies that incorporated such in-depth crash data, i.e., the data collection was designed specifically for the study. The most notable study involving in-depth crash data is perhaps the study on crashes involving pole support structures (9)
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Another approach is to supplement the NASS CDS data retrospectively with additional field data collection. Data elements of specific interest to the study, but not covered under NASS CDS, are identified and collected using supplemental field data collection.
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Supplemental field data were collected on these cases, which were then reconstructed to estimate the impact conditions. The impact speed and angle distributions developed under these two studies
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The recommended study on the distributions of impact conditions focuses on impact speed, angle, and vehicle orientation in addition to vehicle size, weight, and the nature of the roadside object/ feature. The plan for this study includes the following tasks: • Select sample roadway segments for each of the six highway types • Set up data collection protocol, including sampling plan, accident notification scheme, data collection forms, etc., and familiarize and train investigators with the protocol through a small pilot study • Investigate in-depth a representative sample of singlevehicle, ran-off-road accidents on these selected roadway segments • Reconstruct the sampled accidents to determine impact conditions • Compile descriptive statistics on vehicle trajectory and impact conditions • Develop mathematical models for the distributions of impact speeds and angles These proposed studies and data collection plans are over 10 years old, but they still are applicable today and of great interest to the current study.
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From page 9... ...
, including: • Semi-rigid and flexible barrier • Rigid barrier • Pole support structure These reconstruction procedures are based on the general principle of identifying the energy loss parameters during the collision and summing the total to determine the change in velocity from point of impact to point of final rest. The components of the energy loss in a typical crash include: • Vehicle crush • Deformation/damage of roadside feature • Vehicle trajectory Energy due to vehicle crush can be estimated manually using equations from Campbell (26)
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