Understanding Airspace, Objects, and Their Effects on Airports (2010) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 8-24
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From page 8... ...
Airspace protection criteria are found in a variety of Federal Aviation Regulations (FARs) , Orders, and Advisory Circulars (ACs)
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Airport Type Airspace Protection Criteria Air Carrier, Part 139 General Aviation, existing or planned precision instrument General Aviation, existing or planned nonprecision instrument General Aviation, visual flight rules (VFR) only FAR Part 77 Notification, height standards and surfaces X X X X FAR Part 77 Obstruction, height standards and surfaces X X X X TERPS instrument departure X X X TERPS non-precision approach X X X TERPS precision approach X X FAA AC 150/5300-13, Apx.
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sufficiently high (at least 1,000 feet AGL)
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FAR Part 77 -- Objects Affecting Navigable Airspace Perhaps the most well known, but often only partially understood, document containing criteria for evaluating the impact of terrain and vertical development on airspace is FAR Part 77 -- Objects Affecting Navigable Airspace. FAR Part 77 contains six subparts with specific functions: Subpart A -- Establishes scope, definitions, and standards.
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longest runway more than 3,200 feet in actual length. That height increases in the proportion of 100 feet for each additional nautical mile from the airport up to a maximum of 500 feet.
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U.S. civil airport operators are the "civil airport imaginary surfaces." They are comprised of five components: primary, horizontal, conical, approach, and transitional.
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Fundamental Airspace Protection Criteria 15 Sources: FAR Part 77 Prepared by: Jacobs Consultancy Figure 2.3. FAR Part 77, §77.25 civil airport imaginary surfaces.
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Why FAR Part 77 Alone Is Inadequate FAR Part 77 itself does not contain the criteria for determining whether or not an obstruction will be considered a hazard to air navigation. The FAA's OE/AAA process, as described in FAA Order 7400.2, is the mechanism by which aeronautical study of proposed obstructions is undertaken in order to assess whether or not they would constitute a hazard to air navigation.
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1. Project sponsors may fail entirely to submit notification to the FAA even when they exceed the FAR Part 77 notification criteria.
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is created that clears the obstacles, and/or the visibility minimums of the procedure are raised from the ideal elevations upwards to an elevation where the penetrating obstacle would not cause a reduction in minimum ROC. As a general practice, OCSs are not raised to accommodate new obstacles.
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From page 19... ...
• The criteria specifying how various OCSs are configured may be changed, as the criteria Orders are updated, cancelled, or new Orders are published. • Existing procedures may be cancelled and new procedures may be implemented as old types of instrumentation technology are replaced by new types.
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20 Understanding Airspace, Objects, and Their Effects on Airports Source: AC 150/5300-13, Appendix 2 Figure 2.5. Threshold siting surface.
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As a basic airport design requirement, threshold siting surfaces must be kept clear of obstacles either by removing or lowering the obstacles or displacing the threshold (discussion follows)
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OEI procedures are not considered in the current OE/AAA analysis process. However, such procedures are vitally important to the airport.
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OEI is not typically a criterion considered by the FAA in OE/AAA evaluations, because OEI procedures are designed by individual airlines, can vary considerably, and can be adjusted to accommodate new obstacles -- although sometimes to a degree that is unacceptable to airlines. Airlines have become increasingly vocal in their call to include OEI considerations in FAA OE/AAA evaluations.
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From page 24... ...
provide criteria for initially evaluating whether or not an object may be in conflict with all-engine instrument departure procedures and whether or not notification of a potential obstacle should be given to air carriers using the airport for evaluation of its potential effect on their OEI procedures. OEI requirements are currently not standardized to the degree they can be consistently applied as an obstruction or hazard criteria in the OE/AAA process.
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