Managing Coastal Erosion (1990) / Chapter Skim
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Executive Summary
Executive Summary
Pages 1-15
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In the process, conflicts arise between adjoining private owners, between units of political jurisdiction, between private and public rights on the shore, and between human activities and natural coastal processes, such as erosion. The costs of shore erosion are varied and can be burdensome.
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by the National Flood Insurance Act of 1968 as the primary federal program to reduce future flood costs to the nation. The NF1P provides insurance coverage for "damage and loss which may result from erosion and undermining of shorelines by waves or currents in lakes and other bodies of water exceeding anticipated cyclical levels." A fundamental goal of the NF1P is to be actuarially sound namely, to cover all claims out of premium income and thereby reduce future dependence on federal tax money to subsidize the program.
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existing coastal erosion management programs on the Great Lakes and the oceans surrounding the United States, particularly those programs administered by the states, that would be potentially applicable under the NF1P; (3) technical standards, methods, and data to support existing management programs potentially applicable under the NF1P; and (4)
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At its second meeting held in July 1988, the committee heard presentations on California's coastal erosion management program from representatives of the Corps of Engineers, the California Coastal Commission, and a Ventura County supervisor. Additionally, two committee members briefed the committee on Great Lakes states coastal erosion zone management programs.
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This committee has not attempted to determine independently whether or not new legislation would be required for FEMA to implement any of these recommendations. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Erosion Hazard Reduction HAZARD DELINEATION Conclusion FEMA has not identified erosion hazard zones (E-zones)
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6 MANAGING COASTAL EROSION RECEDING REFERENCE E-10 SHORELINE FEATURE LINE ZONES SETBACKS FLOOD INSURANCE NOTICE OF EROSION HAZARD Shoreline E-60 LINE _ E Zones E-10 Imminent Hazard No New Habitable Structures Eligible For Relocation Benefits. No New NFIP Policies E-30 Intermediate Zone Moveable Single Family Structures E-60 Longer Term Hazard Readily Movable Structures Existing Coverage Required To Be Maintained Reference E-10 E-30 Feature Line Line E-60 Line _ ._ , ~~ Zone ~ Zone ~ Zone ~ E- 10 1 E-30 ~ E-60 - 1 - ' Large Structures Allowed Example Profile With Lines and Zones Illustrated (Not to scale)
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Utilize the historical shoreline change method to immediately begin mapping erosion hazard zones. FEMA should use existing acceptable shoreline change data and obtain additional erosion rate data to delineate Rezones for the N]
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In addition, public planners and decision makers should avoid basing policies on stereotypes or preconceptions as to "typical" shorelines and their state of development and governance. Setbacks for new development, relocation of endangered structures, beach nourishment, and engineered shore protection structures or doing nothing may each be appropriate under specific localized conditions.
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to adopt stricter erosion zonesfor example, ~50 for small structures and ~100 for large ones. Under the CRS, credits should be awarded toward reduced communitywide premium rates for adopting such stricter standards.
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IMPACTS OF NAVIGATIONAL AND FLOOD CONTROL PROJECTS ON SHORE STABILITY Conclusion Jettied entrances and breakwaters forming harbors along sandy coasts often cause accretion upUrift and erosion downdrift of the project. Up-river deforestation can cause erosion of banks and deposition at the river estuary and along the coast.
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EROSION CONTROL THROUGH COASTAL ENGINEERING Conclusion There are many examples of properly planned, designed, constructed, and maintained seawalis and revetments that have pre~ ented further retreat of the shoreline, but beaches sometimes have been lost as a result. There are also examples of properly planned, designed, constructed, and maintained detached breakwaters and groin fields that have been effective in the local control of coastal erosion; however, impacts on downdrift beaches must be considered.
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A secondary benefit is coastal erosion control. Investigatione shown be made of the economics of transporting sand by bulk carriers from relatively distant sources to densely used coastal areas where the value of beaches is great and coastal erosion control is amenable to this approach of beach nourishment.
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. Data Base Development and ResearEh Conclusion Available data and methodologies are adequate for FEMA to develop an interim erosion insurance element for the NF1P.
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This data base mast incorporate the local character of spatial and temporal shoreline changes, properly evaluating the impact of major coastal storms and shore engineering projects on the erosional trend. The ferret of detail require shows be commensurate with local land me change.
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assisting FEMA in developing and promulgating nationwide standards for erosion hazard reduction equivalent to the 100-year Good standard; b. reviewing internal procedures of participating agencies to deterniine compatibility with erosion management provisione of the Unified National Program (as revised)
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