Guidelines for the Preservation of High-Traffic-Volume Roadways (2011) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
Pages 15-30
The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.
From page 15... ...
• Thin HMA overlay (0.875 to 1.5 in.)
|
From page 16... ...
Major Rehab Pavement Preservation Develop Feasible Rehab Treatments Figure 3.1. Process of selecting the preferred preservation treatment for high-traffic-volume roadways.
|
From page 17... ...
Results of the cost-effectiveness analysis should then be evaluated in conjunction with other economic factors and several nonmonetary factors to select the preferred preservation treatment. Preliminary Identification of Feasible Preservation Treatments As discussed previously in these guidelines, many pavement preservation treatments may be applicable for use on hightraffic-volume roadway pavements.
|
From page 18... ...
18HMA-Surfaced Pavements PCC-Surfaced Pavements Manner Addressed Manner Addressed Distress Type by Preservation Distress Type by Preservation Alligator/fatigue cracking -- Blowups -- a Bleeding/flushing Restore StrInt/Funct Corner cracking Prevent/Slow Det Block cracking Prevent/Slow Det D-Cracking -- a Bumps Restore StrInt/Funct Joint faulting Restore StrInt/Funct Prevent/Slow Det Corrugations Restore StrInt/Functb Joint seal damage Restore StrInt/Funct Depressions/settlements -- Joint spalling Restore StrInt/Funct Edge cracking Prevent/Slow Detc Longitudinal cracking Prevent/Slow Det Heaves/swells -- Map cracking Non-ASR Restore StrInt/Funct ASR -- Joint Reflection cracking Prevent/Slow Detc Patches/patch deterioration Prevent/Slow Det Longitudinal cracking Polishing Restore StrInt/Funct Wheelpath -- Nonwheelpath (cold joint) Prevent/Slow Detc Patches/patch deterioration Prevent/Slow Det Popouts Restore StrInt/Funct Polishing Restore StrInt/Funct Punchouts -- a Potholes -- Scaling Restore StrInt/Funct Raveling/weathering Restore StrInt/Funct Transverse cracking Prevent/Slow Det Prevent/Slow Det Rutting Water bleeding/pumping Prevent/Slow Det Wear Restore StrInt/Funct Stable (densification)
|
From page 19... ...
for all of the identified distresses and surface characteristics. In some instances, it may be appropriate to consider combining treatments (e.g., crack sealing with chip sealing)
|
From page 20... ...
70–85 5–8 8●8 @ 8 8C@ 8 8C@ ●8C 8C@ 8C@ 8C@ Microsurfacing: Single 70–85 5–8 8●8 @ 8 ●8C 8 8C@ ●8C 8C@ 8C@ 8C@ Microsurfacing: Double 70–85 5–8 8●8 @ 8 ●8C C 8C@ ●8C ●8C ●8C ●8C Chip seal: Single Conventional 70–85 5–8 8●8 C ● ●8C 8 8@@ ●8C ●8C ●8C 88C Polymer modified 70–85 5–8 C88 @ ● 88C C 8C@ ●88 ●88 ●88 8C@ Chip seal: Double Conventional 70–85 5–8 C88 @ 8 88C @ 8C@ ●88 ●88 ●88 ●88 Polymer modified 70–85 5–8 CC8 @ 8 C8C @ ●8C ●●8 ●●8 ●●8 ●88 Ultra-thin bonded 65–85 5–10 8●8 @ ● 88C C 8C@ 88C 88C 88C 88C wearing course Ultra-thin HMAOL 65–85 5–10 8●8 @ ● 88C C 8C@ 88C 88@ 88@ 88@ Thin HMAOL 60–80 6–12 8●8 C ● 88C C ●8C ●●8 8●8 8●8 88● Cold milling and 60–75 7–12 C8● C C 8●8 @ 88C C88 88● 88● C8● thin HMAOL Hot in-place recycling Surf recycle/HMAOL 70–85 5–8 C8● C C 8●8 C 88C ●8C C8● C8● 88C Remixing/HMAOL 60–75 7–12 @CC C 8 @C8 @ 8●8 8●8 8●8 8●8 8●8 Repaving 60–75 7–12 @CC C 8 @C8 @ 8●8 8●8 8●8 8●8 8●8 Cold in-place recycling 60–75 7–12 @@C C C @C8 @ 8●8 8●8 8●8 8●8 8●8 and HMAOL Profile milling 80–90 3–6 C88 8 C @CC @ @@@ @@@ @@@ @@@ @@@ Ultra-thin whitetopping 60–80 6–12 @@C C 8 @C8 @ C88 C88 C88 C88 C8● Note: ● = Highly Recommended; 8 = Generally Recommended; C = Provisionally Recommended; @ = Not Recommended. a Porous surface mix problem.
|
From page 21... ...
21Distress Types and Severity Levels Deformation Distress Wear/ Stable Corrug/ Bumps/ Ride Preservation Ruttingb Shovec Sags Patches Quality Friction Noise Treatment L/M/H L/M/H L/M/H L/M/H -- -- -- Crack fill Crack seal Slurry seal (Type III) C@@ @@@ @@@ 8C@ @ 8 8 Microsurfacing: Single 8C@ C@@ C@@ 8C@ C ● 8 Microsurfacing: Double ●8C CC@ CC@ ●8C 8 ● 8 Chip seal: Single Conventional 8C@ CC@ CC@ 88C C ● @ Polymer modified 8C@ CC@ CC@ 88C C ● @ Chip seal: Double Conventional ●8C 8C@ 8C@ ●88 8 8 C Polymer modified ●8C 8C@ 8C@ ●88 8 8 C Ultra-thin bonded 8C@ 8C@ 8C@ 88C 8 ● 8 wearing course Ultra-thin HMAOL 8C@ 8C@ 8C@ 88C 8 ● ● Thin HMAOL 8●8 ●8C ●8C ●●8 ● ● ● Cold milling and 8●8 ●88 ●8C ●●8 ● 8 C thin HMAOL Hot in-place recycling Surf recycle/HMAOL 8●8 88C 88C 88C 8 8 C Remixing/HMAOL 8●● 8●● C8● C88 ● 8 C Repaving 8●● 8●● C8● C88 ● 8 C Cold in-place recycling 8●● 8●● C8● C88 ● 8 C and HMAOL Profile milling ●8C C@@ 88Ce 88Ce 8 C @ Ultra-thin whitetopping C88 C88 @CC C88 8 C @ Surface Characteristics Issues Table 3.2.
|
From page 22... ...
Surface Distress PCI/ Age Preservation Treatment PCR (yr) -- -- L/M/H -- -- Concrete joint resealing 75–90 5–10 Concrete crack sealing 70–90 5–12 Diamond grinding 70–90 5–12 ● Diamond grooving 70–90 5–12 Partial-depth concrete patching 65–85 6–15 Full-depth concrete patching 65–85 6–15 ●b Dowel bar retrofitting 65–85 6–15 Ultra-thin bonded wearing course 70–90 5–12 ● Thin HMA overlay 70–90 5–12 ● Note: ● = Highly Recommended; = Generally Recommended; = Provisionally Recommended; = Not Recommended.
|
From page 23... ...
Joint Seal Joint Long/ Ride Damage Spall Corner Trans Faulting Patches Quality Friction Noise Preservation Treatment L/M/H L/M/H L/M/H L/M/H L/M/H L/M/H -- -- -- Concrete joint resealing ● Concrete crack sealing ● ● Diamond grinding a ● ● ● ● Diamond grooving ● Partial-depth concrete patching ●● Full-depth concrete patching ●● c ● Dowel bar retrofitting ●d Ultra-thin bonded wearing course ● ● ● Thin HMA overlay ● ● ● ● Surface Characteristics Joint Distress Cracking Distress Deformation Distress Issues Distress Types and Severity Levels
|
From page 24... ...
Microsurfacing: ● ● ● Single Microsurfacing: ● ● ● Double Chip Seal: Single Conventional ● ● Polymer modified Chip Seal: Double Conventional ● ● Polymer modified Ultra-thin bonded ● ● ● wearing course Ultra-thin HMAOL ● ● Thin HMAOL ● ● ● ● ● ● ● Cold milling and ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● thin HMAOL Hot in-place recycling Surf recycle and HMAOL Remixing ● and HMAOL Repaving Cold in-place ● recycling and HMAOL Profile milling ● ● Ultra-thin whitetopping Note: ● = Highly Recommended; = Generally Recommended; = Provisionally Recommended; = Not Recommended. $ (lowest relative cost)
|
From page 25... ...
↔ $$$$ (hi a Use of high early strength or fast end closures. Use of conventional PCC repair materials generally requires "longer" closures.
|
From page 26... ...
The expected timings are determined from service life analyses of the existing pavement and the specific rehabilitation treatments, and from the service life extensions estimated for the preservation treatment. The top portion of Figure 3.3 illustrates the assessment of benefits using the area-under-the-performance-curve approach.
|
From page 27... ...
In the final step of the BCR method, the B/C ratio for each preservation strategy is computed by dividing the "benefit"obtained from the area-under-the-performance-curve analysis by the "cost" obtained from the LCCA: As stated previously, the treatment with the highest B/C ratio is deemed the most cost-effective. Consideration of User Costs User costs are defined as nonagency costs that are borne by the users of a pavement facility (Peshkin et al.
|
From page 28... ...
These components can be estimated reasonably well and make up a large portion of the total user costs. Other work zone user cost components are too difficult to collect or reasonably quantify, or they do not factor to an appreciable amount.
|
From page 29... ...
Effect of preservation treatment life on discounted rehabilitation user costs.• Substantially lower cost-effectiveness compared with that of other treatment alternatives (e.g., EAC greater than 10% higher than the EACs of the alternatives, B/C ratios greater than 10% less than the ratios of the alternatives) ; • Initial cost greater than available funding, resulting in negative impact on network-level budgeting; and • Excessive user costs that would have serious negative impact on roadway users.
|
From page 30... ...
30Table 3.6. Example of Preservation Treatment Decision Matrix Treatment 1 Treatment 2 Attribute Factor Combined Rating Weighted Rating Weighted Attribute and Selection Factor Weight Weight Weight Score Score Score Score Economic 40 Initial cost 30 12.0 Cost-effectiveness 30 12.0 Agency cost 10 4.0 User cost 30 12.0 Total 100 Construction/materials 25 Availability of qualified contractors 20 5.0 Availability of quality materials 20 5.0 Conservation of materials/energy 30 7.5 Weather limitations 30 7.5 Total 100 Customer satisfaction 25 Traffic disruption 40 10.0 Safety issues 40 10.0 Ride quality and noise issues 20 5.0 Total 100 Agency policy/preference 10 Continuity of adjacent pavements 20 2.0 Continuity of adjacent lanes 20 2.0 Local preference 60 6.0 Total 100 Cumulative Weighted Score Note: Basis for treatment rating scores (1-to-5 scale)
|
Key Terms
This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More
information on Chapter Skim is available.